Subjects n | 734 | 223 | 511 | |
Age years | 34 (28–40) | 37 (32–43) | 32 (27–38) | <0.001 |
Smoking status¶ | | | | <0.001 |
Current | 90 (12) | 62 (28) | 28 (5) | |
Former | 82 (11) | 44 (20) | 37 (7) | |
Never | 562 (77) | 116 (52) | 446 (87) | |
Household asset ownership index+ | | | | ns |
Lowest quartile | 235 (32) | 62 (28) | 173 (34) | |
Second quartile | 173 (24) | 57 (26) | 116 (23) | |
Third quartile | 177 (24) | 58 (26) | 119 (23) | |
Highest quartile | 140 (19) | 42 (19) | 98 (19) | |
High-risk occupation§ | 237 (32) | 117 (52) | 120 (23) | <0.001 |
Cooking fuel type | | | | 0.001 |
Charcoal | 297 (40) | 70 (31) | 227 (44) | |
Firewood | 428 (58) | 149 (67) | 279 (55) | |
Self-reported pulmonary disease history | | | | |
Pulmonary tuberculosis | 60 (8) | 26 (12) | 34 (7) | 0.02 |
Pneumocystis pneumonia | 38 (5) | 14 (6) | 24 (5) | ns |
Cryptococcal pneumonia | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (<1) | ns |
CD4 count | | | | ns |
<100 cells·μL−1 | 198 (27) | 73 (33) | 125 (24) | |
100–349 cells·μL−1 | 441 (60) | 124 (56) | 317 (62) | |
350–499 cells·μL−1 | 59 (8) | 18 (8) | 41 (8) | |
≥500 cells·μL−1 | 34 (5) | 7 (3) | 27 (5) | |
Viral load | | | | 0.01 |
≤10 000 copies·mL−1 | 79 (11) | 14 (6) | 65 (13) | |
>10 000 copies·mL−1 | 649 (88) | 206 (92) | 443 (87) | |
Study visits per participant n | 20 (7–28) | 16 (7–28) | 21 (8–28) | ns |
Observation time years | 5 (2–7) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–7) | ns |