RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 VAC chemotherapy with valproic acid for refractory/relapsing small cell lung cancer: a phase II study JF ERJ Open Research JO erjor FD European Respiratory Society SP 00029-2015 DO 10.1183/23120541.00029-2015 VO 1 IS 2 A1 Thierry Berghmans A1 Jean-Jacques Lafitte A1 Arnaud Scherpereel A1 Lieveke Ameye A1 Marianne Paesmans A1 Anne-Pascale Meert A1 Benoit Colinet A1 Christian Tulippe A1 Luc Willems A1 Nathalie Leclercq A1 Jean-Paul Sculier A1 for the European Lung Cancer Working Party YR 2015 UL http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/1/2/00029-2015.abstract AB Salvage chemotherapy (CT) for relapsing or refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains disappointing. In vitro experiments showed that valproic acid increases apoptosis of SCLC cell lines exposed to doxorubicin, vindesine and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine. The primary objective of this phase II study was to determine whether epigenetic modulation with valproic acid in addition to a doxorubicin, vindesine and cyclophosphamide (VAC) regimen improves 6-month progression-free survival (PFS).Patients with pathologically proven SCLC refractory to prior platinum derivatives and etoposide were eligible. After central registration, patients received VAC plus daily oral valproic acid.64 patients were registered, of whom six were ineligible. Seven patients did not receive any CT, leaving 51 patients assessable for the primary end-point. The objective response rate was 19.6%. Median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI 2.5–3.6 months) and 6-month PFS was 6%. Median survival time was 5.9 months (95% CI 4.7–7.5 months). Toxicity was mainly haematological, with 88% and 26% grade 3–4 neutropenia and thrombopenia, respectively.Despite an interesting response rate, the addition of valproic acid to VAC did not translate into adequate PFS in relapsing SCLC or SCLC refractory to platinum–etoposide.Epigenetic modulation with valproic acid does not improve CT efficacy in refractory SCLC after platinum–etoposide http://ow.ly/R0rBt