Mean BMI | p-value | |
All | 26.67 | |
Men | 26.83 | 0.019 |
Women | 26.52 | |
Never-smokers | 26.78 | 0.647+ |
Former smokers | 26.85 | |
Current smokers | 26.11 | <0.001§ |
Chronic productive cough# | 26.69 | ns |
Wheeze most days a week# | 27.97 | <0.001 |
mMRC dyspnoea score 2–4# | 28.21 | <0.001 |
Urban living | 26.43 | <0.001ƒ |
Rural living | 27.49 | |
Asthma¶ | 27.29 | <0.001 |
COPD¶ | 25.83 | <0.001 |
Coronary artery disease# | 27.21 | 0.002 |
Heart failure# | 27.95 | 0.029 |
Arrhythmia# | 26.72 | ns |
Hypertension# | 27.83 | <0.001 |
Claudication# | 27.00 | ns |
Diabetes# | 28.74 | <0.001 |
Any inhalation steroids# | 27.29 | <0.001 |
Any oral steroids# | 26.90 | ns |
Professionals and executives | 26.15 | <0.001ƒ |
Assistant nonmanual employees | 26.63 | |
Manual workers in industry | 26.83 | |
Manual workers in service | 27.02 | |
Self-employed nonprofessionals | 26.68 | |
Other | 26.91 |
mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ns: nonsignificant. #: versus subjects not having the condition/treatment; ¶: physician's diagnosis and/or own esteem; +: versus former smokers; §: versus never-smokers and former smokers; ƒ: between groups.