AHR | Positive | Negative | p-value |
Subjects | n=8 | n=37 | |
Age years | 39.5 (26.8–70.3) | 51 (35.5–60.0) | ns |
Males | 3 (38) | 16 (43) | ns |
Height cm | 157 (149–174) | 162 (157–170) | ns |
Weight kg | 52.9 (45.3–78.5) | 58.0 (51.3–63.0) | ns |
Current or past smoker | 3 (38) | 20 (54) | ns |
Smoking history pack-years | 0 (0–10) | 1.5 (0–37.4) | |
Histologic confirmation | 4 (50) | 14 (38) | ns |
Extrapulmonary involvement | 5 (65) | 24 (63) | ns |
Radiographic stage I/II/III/IV | 2 (25)/6 (75)/0 (0)/0 (0) | 11 (30)/23 (62)/3 (8)/0 (0) | ns |
Respiratory symptoms | 6 (75) | 10 (27) | 0.02 |
mMRC# 1/2/3/4/5 | 5 (63)/2 (25)/1 (13)/0 (0)/0 (0) | 31 (84)/5 (14) /1 (3)/0 (0)/0 (0) | ns |
Serum biomarkers | |||
ACE IU·L−1 | 18.9 (12.5–25.9) | 16.7 (14.0–26.3) | ns |
sIL-2R U·mL−1 | 904 (710–1410) | 532 (409–889) | ns |
KL-6 U·mL−1 | 341 (251–451) | 271 (214–361) | ns |
IgE IU·mL−1 | 110 (100–370) | 92 (26–338) | ns |
Impulse oscillometry | |||
R5 kPa·L−1·s−1 | 0.33 (0.28–0.43) | 0.23 (0.19–0.31) | 0.01 |
R20 kPa·L−1·s−1 | 0.29 (0.24–0.35) | 0.21 (0.17–0.28) | 0.02 |
R5–R20 kPa·L−1·s−1 | 0.05 (0.01–0.12) | 0.03 (0.0–0.04) | ns |
X5 kPa·L−1·s−1 | −0.12 (−0.20– −0.08) | −0.09 (−0.13– −0.07) | ns |
AX kPa·L−1 | 0.27 (0.21–1.15) | 0.17 (0.13–0.38) | ns |
Pulmonary function | |||
FVC % pred | 102.6 (91.5–107.2) | 111.0 (99.9–122.4) | ns |
FEV1 % pred | 94.4 (91.2–98.3) | 106.9 (92.0–116.1) | ns |
FEV1/FVC % | 75.8 (71.0–86.1) | 81.3 (75.4–90.2) | ns |
FEV1/FVC <70% | 1 (13) | 2 (5) | ns |
PEF % pred | 80.4 (58.6–94.4) | 101.6 (86.2–113.8) | 0.01 |
MMF % pred | 67.7 (45.5–91.8) | 81.0 (56.5–104.9) | ns |
FRC % pred | 105.0 (97.5–116.8) | 114.4 (95.1–121.4) | ns |
RV % pred | 117.3 (103.7–139.8) | 101.8 (83.3–123.8) | ns |
TLC % pred | 101.2 (89.9–123.4) | 101.9 (87.5–115.6) | ns |
RV/TLC % | 29.8 (24.9–35.9) | 30.9 (25.3–33.8) | ns |
DLCO % pred | 77.4 (64.4–86.3) | 78.1 (68.6–89.6) | ns |
eNO | 29.4 (18.2–47.7) | 21.5 (16.8–124.0) | ns |
HRCT analyses | |||
Ai mm2 | 22.3 (15.7–33.2), n=7 | 23.7 (18.0–34.4), n=36 | ns |
Ai/BSA ×10−6 | 13.6 (10.9–18.5), n=7 | 14.2 (11.6–19.9), n=36 | ns |
WA % | 60.5 (55.3–66.5), n=5 | 56.5 (52.7–60.8), n=33 | ns |
Atr mm2 | 225.2 (176.5–257.5), n=7 | 249.1 (214.0–319.4), n=37 | ns |
Atr/BSA ×10−6 | 114.3 (98.6–168.2), n=7 | 156.1 (133.6–189.9), n=37 | ns |
BAL | n=6 | n=30 | |
Recovered cells ×105 mL−1 | 1.80 (1.35–2.40) | 1.90 (1.48–2.03) | ns |
Lymphocytes % | 39.9 (25.2–59.6) | 25.4 (13.9–44.2) | ns |
Eosinophils % | 0.3 (0.0–1.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ns |
CD4/CD8 ratio | 2.90 (2.71–11.2) | 5.90 (4.33–7.53) | ns |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%), unless otherwise stated. mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; sIL-2R: soluble interleukin-2 receptor; KL-6: Krebs von den Lungen-6; IgE: immunoglobulin E; R5: resistance at 5 Hz; R20: resistance at 20 Hz; X5: reactance at 5 Hz; XA: area of reactance; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; PEF: peak expiratory flow rate; MMF: maximum mid-expiratory flow rate; FRC: functional residual capacity; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; eNO: exhaled nitric oxide; HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; Ai: luminal area of right apical bronchus; BSA: body surface area; WA: wall area of right apical bronchus; Atr: tracheal luminal area; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; ns: not significant. #: theoretical range 1–5.