Overview on main outcomes
| Sequences applied in random order | |||||||||||||
| At rest | Peak value during CPET | 10 min of cycling at 60% of PWR | 3 min standing on WBV platform | 1 min of squat exercises | 2 min of squat exercises | 3 min of squat exercises | |||||||
| Without WBV | With WBV | p-value | Without WBV | With WBV | p-value | Without WBV | With WBV | p-value | |||||
| V′O2 mL·min−1 | 339±40 | 1364±308 | 1183±227 | 748±151 | 805±106 | 864±131 | 0.074 | 945±118 | 995±131 | 0.093 | 988±124 | 1060±160 | 0.093 |
| V′O2 %# | 26±6 | 100±0 | 86.0±14.0 | 58±16 | 61.1±11.9 | 64.9±9.3 | 0.139 | 71.8±14.4 | 75.4±14.2 | 0.114 | 75.4±16.7 | 80.1±14.7 | 0.093 |
| VE L·min−1 | 13.4±2.3 | 46.8±9.9 | 40.1±7.4 | 27.4±5.7 | 29.9±4.2 | 28.9±5.3 | 0.191 | 29.9±4.5 | 32.1±5.3 | 0.085 | 30.4±5.4 | 33.6±5.5 | 0.052 |
| VE %# | 30±8 | 100±0 | 87±12 | 61±17 | 59±11 | 63±9 | 0.173 | 66±14 | 70±10 | 0.086 | 67±13 | 73±12 | 0.092 |
| VE/V′O2 | 39.5±5.0 | 34.8±4.8 | 34.1±4.4 | 36.7±3.2 | 33.7±5.2 | 33.7±5.6 | 0.878 | 31.8±4.5 | 32.4±4.5 | 0.445 | 30.8±4.1 | 31.9±4.4 | 0.093 |
| VE/V′CO2 | 47.4±6.2 | 34.3±4.2 | 36.7±4.0 | 43.2±3.2 | 41.6±4.6 | 41.1±5.1 | 0.721 | 39.4±3.9 | 39.3±4.7 | 0.878 | 37.4±4.1 | 38.0±4.4 | 0.236 |
| Respiratory rate min−1 | 17.1±3.4 | 30.7±5.3 | 27.3±3.7 | 24.3±3.4 | 22.7±2.9 | 24.9±3.6 | 0.065 | 23.2±3.8 | 26.2±4.7 | 0.008 | 22.8±3.4 | 27.3±5.4 | 0.007 |
| PaO2 mmHg | 68.1±8.2 | 63.2±10.1 | 64.5±10.0 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 60.5±4.9 | 62.7±6.7 | 0.056 |
| SpO2 % | 95±2 | 92±4 | 90±4 | 93±2 | 91±3 | 92±3 | 0.028 | 90±3 | 91±3 | 0.024 | 90±4 | 90±4 | 0.068 |
| Heart rate bpm | 79±9 | 134±18 | 119±15 | 100±14 | 104±13.5 | 104±15 | 0.918 | 109±14 | 110±13 | 0.539 | 109±13 | 110±15 | 0.513 |
| Dyspnoea¶ | 1.7±1.2 | 7.2±1.1 | 4.7±1.5 | 3.5±2.3 | 4.1±2.4 | 3.5±1.8 | 0.063 | 4.3±2.1 | 4.3±2.4 | 1.0 | 5.0±1.8 | 4.6±2.4 | 0.279 |
| Leg fatigue¶ | 1.5±1.4 | 6.6.±1.6 | 4.3±1.6 | 3.5±2.2 | 3.7±2.4 | 3.3±2.2 | 0.102 | 4.0±2.1 | 4.2±2.3 | 0.589 | 4.2±1.8 | 4.5±2.7 | 0.527 |
Data are presented as mean±sd. p-values are describing significance levels between squat exercises with and without WBV. CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise training; PWR: peak work rate; WBV: whole-body vibration; V′O2: oxygen uptake; VE: minute ventilation; V′CO2: carbon dioxide production; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. #: reported as the percentage of peak value during CPET; ¶: reported as Borg scores.