Descriptive statistics by group
| Questionnaire | Variable | Group | ||
| Chronic refractory cough | Explained cough | Non-cough | ||
| Big Five Inventory | Extraversion | 3.11±0.87 | 3.51±0.73 | 3.39±0.70 |
| Agreeableness | 4.06±0.59 | 4.25±0.51 | 4.14±0.64 | |
| Conscientiousness | 3.88±0.74 | 4.16±0.60 | 4.25±0.66 | |
| Neuroticism | 3.11±1.06* | 2.67±0.74 | 2.47±0.85 | |
| Openness | 3.24±0.73 | 3.36±0.61 | 3.45±0.55 | |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | Anxiety | 8.40±5.31* | 6.76±3.97 | 4.91±3.74 |
| Depression | 6.56±4.12*# | 3.88±2.78 | 2.55±2.74 | |
| Chalder Fatigue Scale | Fatigue | 19.96±6.69*# | 15.48±5.68+ | 12.50±5.24 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-15 | Physical symptoms | 10.48±6.02* | 8.15±5.90+ | 4.60±4.22 |
| Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised | Identity | 4.20±2.78 | 4.32±3.42 | |
| Timeline (chronic) | 21.17±5.73 | 18.66±5.96 | ||
| Consequences | 18.83±5.32# | 15.77±4.49 | ||
| Personal control | 16.79±5.32 | 17.95±3.83 | ||
| Treatment control | 16.00±3.87 | 17.66±3.02 | ||
| Illness coherence | 11.46±4.77# | 14.62±4.75 | ||
| Timeline (cyclical) | 10.92±3.45 | 12.03±3.54 | ||
| Emotional representations | 18.42±5.27# | 15.36±4.09 | ||
Data are presented as mean±sd. *: p<0.05 between CRC and non-cough; #: p<0.05 between CRC and explained cough; +: p<0.05 between explained cough and non-cough.