Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for predictors of cough of ≥4 weeks' duration
| Total cohort | Males | Females | |
| Observations n | 2751 | 778 | 1973 |
| Age | |||
| <30 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 30–39 years | 0.86 (0.61–1.21) | 0.74 (0.32–1.76) | 0.85 (0.59–1.24) |
| 40–49 years | 0.88 (0.59–1.33) | 0.82 (0.32–2.09) | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) |
| ≥50 years | 1.39 (0.80–2.41) | 2.78 (1.01–7.62) | 0.72 (0.32–1.62) |
| Female | 1.18 (0.83–1.69) | ||
| High-risk occupation# | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 0.72 (0.42–1.25) | 0.77 (0.53–1.13) |
| Household asset ownership index | |||
| Lowest quartile | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Second quartile | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 1.00 (0.50–2.01) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) |
| Third quartile | 0.61 (0.42–0.88) | 0.47 (0.21–1.04) | 0.67 (0.44–1.02) |
| Highest quartile | 0.62 (0.42–0.91) | 0.55 (0.24–1.27) | 0.64 (0.41–1.01) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Former | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | 0.95 (0.49–1.86) | 0.96 (0.54–1.69) |
| Current | 1.11 (0.65–1.89) | 0.83 (0.39–1.79) | 1.75 (0.81–3.78) |
| CD4 count | |||
| <100 cells·µL−1 | 2.16 (1.24–3.77) | 3.20 (0.89–11.42) | 1.75 (0.92–3.32) |
| 100–349 cells·µL−1 | 1.20 (0.76–1.90) | 1.16 (0.36–3.73) | 1.21 (0.74–2.00) |
| 350–499 cells·µL−1 | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) | 1.40 (0.41–4.82) | 0.90 (0.52–1.58) |
| ≥500 cells·µL−1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Viral load | |||
| Undetectable | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| ≤10 000 copies·mL−1 | 1.07 (0.69–1.67) | 0.33 (0.08–1.40) | 1.38 (0.85–2.22) |
| >10 000 copies·mL−1 | 4.59 (3.30–6.38) | 6.48 (3.26–12.89) | 4.37 (2.97–6.42) |
| Cooking source | |||
| Charcoal | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Firewood | 1.25 (0.93–1.69) | 0.90 (0.48–1.67) | 1.41 (1.00–1.99)¶ |
#: includes farmer, cook, motorcyclist, brick worker, builder, carpenter, cattle keeper, dry cleaner and sand miner; ¶: p=0.047; p-value for interaction between cooking source and sex p=0.21.