Association analysis of lung cancer and cancer not related to smoking
| Cancer site | Negative family history | One cancer case in the family | At least two cancer cases in the family | Trend test p-value | ||
| Cases | RR (95% CI) | Cases | RR (95% CI) | |||
| Risk of discordant cancer | ||||||
| Small intestine | 1700 | 118 | 1.24¶ (1.01–1.53) | 3 | 0.88 (0.25–3.08) | 0.0600 |
| Anus | 1005 | 81 | 1.41+ (1.09–1.82) | 2 | 0.95 (0.20–4.50) | 0.0147§ |
| Breast | 71 906 | 4258 | 1.05¶ (1.01–1.10) | 168 | 1.17 (0.93–1.47) | 0.0141§ |
| Other female genitals | 1256 | 86 | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | 4 | 1.56 (0.52–4.72) | 0.0747 |
| Prostate | 58 584 | 3188 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 92 | 0.76 (0.59–0.96) | 0.0031§ƒ |
| Testis | 7162 | 341 | 1.16 (0.99–1.37) | 10 | 1.27 (0.50–3.20) | 0.0637 |
| Melanoma | 27 054 | 1389 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 52 | 1.11 (0.78–1.59) | 0.7434 |
| Skin, squamous cell | 10 893 | 658 | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 34 | 1.56¶ (1.07–2.28) | 0.0138§ |
| Nervous system | 21 223 | 1005 | 1.04 (0.98–1.12) | 41 | 1.31 (0.95–1.80) | 0.0829 |
| Endocrine glands | 9132 | 524 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 13 | 0.80 (0.40–1.58) | 0.1614 |
| Connective tissue | 3585 | 178 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 7 | 1.30 (0.61–2.74) | 0.2627 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 13 566 | 750 | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 25 | 1.02 (0.67–1.57) | 0.1164 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 4257 | 169 | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 11 | 2.17¶ (1.10–4.29) | 0.6850 |
| Myeloma | 3856 | 222 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 9 | 1.14 (0.56–2.29) | 0.7010 |
| Endometrium# | 10 689 | 542 | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 23 | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) | 0.0148§ƒ |
| Thyroid gland# | 5308 | 259 | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 15 | 1.78¶ (1.11–2.83) | 0.4398 |
| Risk of lung cancer | ||||||
| Small intestine | 24 274 | 102 | 1.22 (0.94–1.59) | 1 | 2.74 (0.19–39.18) | 0.1375 |
| Anus | 24 321 | 56 | 1.47 (0.92–2.35) | 0 | 0.1303 | |
| Breast | 21 972 | 2260 | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 145 | 1.12 (0.91–1.38) | 0.1881 |
| Other female genitals | 24 269 | 108 | 1.17 (0.87–1.59) | 0 | 0.3152 | |
| Prostate | 21 676 | 2533 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 168 | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.1209 |
| Testis | 24 309 | 67 | 1.25 (0.92–1.71) | 1 | 2.57 (0.20–32.67) | 0.1430 |
| Melanoma | 23 777 | 579 | 1.07 (0.96–1.20) | 21 | 1.62 (0.92–2.86) | 0.1010 |
| Skin, squamous cell | 23 622 | 742 | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 13 | 0.98 (0.45–2.11) | 0.8944 |
| Nervous system | 23 775 | 593 | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 9 | 1.10 (0.47–2.57) | 0.0844 |
| Endocrine glands | 23 979 | 388 | 1.23 (0.81–1.87) | 10 | 3.06 (0.23–40.86) | 0.4277 |
| Connective tissue | 24 220 | 157 | 1.29¶ (1.02–1.64) | 0 | 0.0448§ | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 23 722 | 646 | 1.13¶ (1.01–1.26) | 9 | 1.10 (0.44–2.75) | 0.0295§ |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 24 283 | 92 | 1.01 (0.76–1.36) | 2 | 3.45 (0.48–24.84) | 0.7743 |
| Myeloma | 24 102 | 273 | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | 2 | 0.79 (0.14–4.60) | 0.4776 |
| Endometrium | 23 837 | 535 | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 5 | 0.69 (0.20–2.36) | 0.9491 |
| Thyroid gland | 24 207 | 170 | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 0 | 0.3905 | |
RR: relative risk. #: according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the evidence on endometrial and thyroid cancers indicated a lack of carcinogenicity from smoking; ¶: significantly increased RR at the two-sided 5% level; +: significantly increased RR at the two-sided 1% level; §: statistically significant; ƒ: RR decreased with increasing number of lung cancer cases.