DS-TB# | MDR-TB# | |||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Chronic cough without phlegm¶ | ||||
Univariate | 1.57 (0.61–4.02) | 0.35 | 0.61 (0.07–5.08) | 0.65 |
Multivariate | 1.34 (0.49–3.67) | 0.57 | 0.57 (0.07–4.90) | 0.61 |
Chronic cough with phlegm¶ | ||||
Univariate | 0.88 (0.40–1.95) | 0.75 | 1.38 (0.43–4.47) | 0.60 |
Multivariate | 0.80 (0.35–1.84) | 0.63 | 1.23 (0.37–4.14) | 0.74 |
Wheeze in last 12 months | ||||
Univariate | 0.72 (0.41–1.28) | 0.27 | 1.80 (0.80–4.09) | 0.16 |
Multivariate | 0.70 (0.38–1.27) | 0.24 | 2.09 (0.88–4.99) | 0.10 |
Dyspnoea+ | ||||
Univariate | 0.78 (0.44–1.38) | 0.39 | 1.24 (0.51–2.99) | 0.64 |
Multivariate | 0.78 (0.43–1.43) | 0.43 | 1.59 (0.63–4.03) | 0.33 |
Low FEV1 | ||||
Univariate | 1.77 (0.67–4.72) | 0.25 | 6.91 (2.28–20.97) | <0.01 |
Multivariate | 2.70 (0.89–8.17) | 0.08 | 7.26 (1.97–26.72) | <0.01 |
Low FVC | ||||
Univariate | 1.66 (0.46–6.02) | 0.44 | 10.35 (2.81–38.18) | <0.01 |
Multivariate | 2.06 (0.46–9.29) | 0.35 | 8.90 (1.88–42.12) | <0.01 |
Low FEV1/FVC | ||||
Univariate | 2.29 (0.83–6.30) | 0.11 | 4.47 (1.27–15.77) | 0.02 |
Multivariate | 2.36 (0.81–6.87) | 0.12 | 4.89 (1.27–18.78) | 0.02 |
FEV1/FVC <0.70 | ||||
Univariate | 2.45 (1.04–5.78) | 0.04 | 3.27 (0.98–10.93) | 0.06 |
Multivariate | 2.47 (1.01–6.03) | 0.047 | 3.53 (1.00–12.48) | 0.05 |
FEV1/FVC <LLN | ||||
Univariate | 1.68 (0.85–3.35) | 0.14 | 3.88 (1.54–9.73) | <0.01 |
Multivariate | 1.89 (0.91–3.94) | 0.09 | 3.58 (1.32–9.68) | 0.01 |
DS: drug-susceptible; MDR: multidrug-resistant; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; LLN: lower limit of normal. FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC all refer to best post-bronchodilator values that fulfilled quality control requirements. Low FEV1, low FVC and low FEV1/FVC ratio all refer to <2sd below the mean of the control group. Univariate analysis unadjusted except for FEV1/FVC <0.7, which was adjusted for age and sex. Multivariate analysis adjusted for the following covariates: current or former smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (any), indoor air pollution using bio-combustible fuel (ever), occupational dust exposure (>6 months), born outside of Lima and presence of atopy. #: the reference group was the cohort without TB (community controls); ¶: cough (without a cold) most days for at least 3 months each year, with or without phlegm; +: modified Medical Research Council score ≥2 [22].