Baseline characteristics and haemodynamic changes from baseline to 3 months evaluation in the bosentan monotherapy group versus the bosentan/metformin combination therapy group
| Variables | Bosentan# | Bosentan/metformin¶ | ||||
| Baseline | 3 months | p-value+ | Baseline | 3 months | p value+ | |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 22.4±5.4 | 23.1±6.2 | 0.557 | 23.5±6.1 | 22.5±5.4 | 0.397 |
| WHO functional class n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| II | 4 (8.3%) | 22 (45.8%) | 3 (6.8%) | 28 (63.6%) | ||
| III | 44 (91.7%) | 26 (54.2%) | 41 (93.2%) | 16 (36.4%) | ||
| 6MWD m | 315±125 | 368±103 | 0.026 | 324±121 | 426±111 | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP ng·L−1 | 626±253 | 438±189 | <0.001 | 743±316 | 568±269 | 0.006 |
| Peak TRV m·s−1 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.1±0.6 | 0.003 | 3.9±1.2 | 3.2±0.9 | 0.003 |
| RA area cm2 | 30±8 | 28±9 | 0.253 | 32±9 | 31±8 | 0.583 |
| Mean PAP mmHg | 55±12 | 43±9 | <0.001 | 60 ±18 | 40±10 | <0.001 |
| RAP mmHg | 18±8 | 11±7 | <0.001 | 16±6 | 10±6 | <0.001 |
| PAWP mmHg | 8.9±3.3 | 9.2±3.8 | 0.681 | 8.7±3.5 | 8.9±3.4 | 0.786 |
| PVR index WU·m−2 | 6.8±0.9 | 5.6±1.1 5.3±1.3§ | <0.001 | 6.6±0.9 | 4.8±0.8 4.4±1.5§ | <0.001 |
| PVR/SVR ratio | 0.38±0.13 | 0.28±0.16 0.26±0.18§ | <0.001 | 0.41±0.17 | 0.31±0.11 0.25±0.15§ | <0.001 |
| Cardiac index L·min−1·m−2 | 2.2±0.3 | 2.5±0.4 | <0.001 | 2.3±0.2 | 2.6±0.4 | <0.001 |
| SvO2 | 68±9% | 70±8% | 0.253 | 71±9% | 72±9% | 0.604 |
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; WHO: World Health Organization; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TRV: tricuspid regurgitation velocity; RA: right atrial; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; WU: Wood unit; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation. #: n=48; ¶: n=44; +: Chi-squared test or t-test as appropriate; §: results of acute vasoreactivity testing with nitric oxide.