Multilevel, multivariable modified Poisson regression assessing predictors of receiving guidelines-based therapy or macrolide resistance-associated therapy among laboratory-confirmed Mycobacterium avium complex cases
| Any regimen | Guidelines-based therapy | Resistance-associated therapy | |
| Multiple hospital encounters | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2)* | 0.8 (0.6–1.0)* |
| Pulmonary NTM ICD-9 code (no/yes) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5)* | 5.9 (3.9–8.8)# | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) |
| COPD ICD-9 code (no/yes) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| TB ICD-9 code (no/yes) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 4.5 (2.8–7.2)# | 0.1 (0.0–0.4)# |
| Concomitant pathogen isolated (no/yes) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
| Radiology conducted (no/yes) | 10.5 (6.6–16.8)# | 10.4 (3.6–30.0)# | 16.8 (5.3–53.8)# |
Data are presented as adjusted relative risk (95% CI). Random effect for facility was included in regression. Additional covariates were controlled for at the facility-level (setting, teaching status, number of beds, location), encounter-level (admission source, specialty of attending physician, inpatient status), and patient-level (age, sex, race). NTM: nontuberculous mycobacteria; ICD-9: International Classification of Diseases (9th revision); COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TB: tuberculosis. *: p≤0.05, #: p≤0.005.