Age (years) | 67 (51–79) | 67 (53–76) | 0 (0) |
Alanine transaminase (U·L−1) | 28 (16–44) | 28 (19–55) | 152 (30.1) |
Albumin (g·L−1) | 37 (33–40) | 36 (33–38) | 339 (67.0) |
Alkaline phosphatase (U·L−1) | 90 (70–130) | 90 (61–113) | 167 (33.1) |
Altered mental status¶ | 47 (11.4) | 10 (10.6) | 11 (2.2) |
Aspartate transaminase (U·L−1) | 34 (23–51) | 38 (25–78)# | 153 (30.3) |
Bilirubin (µmol·L−1) | 12 (9–16) | 16 (12–24)# | 199 (39.4) |
C-reactive protein (mg·L−1) | 196 (94–300) | 294 (107–389)# | 9 (1.8) |
Cortisol (nmol·L−1)¶ | 226.0 (148.0–159.1) | 446.8 (322.4–691.4)# | 23 (4.6) |
Corticosteroids at home¶ | 30 (7.5) | 4 (4.4) | 15 (3.0) |
Creatinine (µmol·L−1) | 84 (70–106) | 111 (91–157)# | 10 (2.0) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 (68–83) | 70 (60– 80)# | 11 (2.2) |
Duration of symptoms (days) | 4 (3–7) | 3 (2–5)# | 16 (3.2) |
Glucose (mmol·L−1) | 7.0 (6.0–8.3) | 7.5 (6.2–9.8)# | 39 (7.7) |
Heart rate (beats·min−1) | 95 (82–109) | 110 (87–118)# | 9 (1.8) |
Haematocrit (L·L−1) | 0.40 (0.36–0.43) | 0.39 (0.37–0.43) | 17 (3.4) |
Haemoglobin (mmol·L−1) | 8.3 (7.6–9.0) | 8.3 (7.8–9.0) | 10 (2.0) |
Interferon-γ (pg·mL−1) | 202.1 (16.8–288.3) | 217.8 (10.0–354.9) | 213 (42.2) |
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (pg·mL−1) | 102.8 (18.0–448.4) | 1042.5 (204.2–4309.2)# | 79 (15.6) |
Interleukin-6 (pg·mL−1) | 51.0 (18.0–156.3) | 749.7 (101.2–2209.7)# | 63 (12.5) |
Interleukin-5 (pg·mL−1) | 0.54 (0.24–0.77) | 0.46 (0.26–0.61) | 333 (65.9) |
Interleukin-8 (pg·mL−1) | 14.8 (8.1–29.3) | 59.5 (32.1–152.2)# | 56 (11.1) |
Interleukin-10 (pg·mL−1) | 3.4 (1.4–9.0) | 15.9 (5.8–79.7)# | 94 (18.6) |
Interleukin-12 (pg·mL−1) | 7.3 (4.1–10.5) | 8.3 (5.6–11.5) | 337 (66.7) |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U·L−1) | 328 (252–480) | 435 (313–604)# | 212 (42.0) |
Legionella species¶ | 14 (3.4) | 6 (6.4) | 0 (0) |
Leukocyte count (109 cells·L−1) | 13.5 (9.5–17.7) | 14.9 (10.8–20.1) | 9 (1.8) |
Macrophage inflammatory protein (pg·mL−1) | 6.1 (3.7–8.5) | 6.8 (4.6–10.4) | 236 (47) |
Male¶ | 236 (57.4) | 59 (62.8) | 0 (0) |
Monocyte chemoattractant protein (pg·mL−1) | 274.2 (74.7–536.6) | 918.4 (242.9–2463.3)# | 46 (9.1) |
Oxygen saturation (%) | 94 (92–97) | 94 (88–96)# | 107 (21.2) |
Oxygen therapy¶ | 70 (17.0) | 30 (31.9)# | 312 (61.8) |
PaO2 (kPa) | 8.80 (7.80–10.38) | 8.40 (7.10–9.90)# | 124 (24.6) |
PaCO2 (kPa) | 4.40 (4.10–4.90) | 4.40 (4.00–4.85) | 124 (24.6) |
pH | 7.47 (7.44–7.50) | 7.46 (7.42–7.49) | 124 (24.6) |
Pleural effusion¶ | 61 (14.8) | 21 (22.3) | 9 (1.8) |
Pneumonia severity index score | 84 (60–111) | 102 (73–126)# | 0 (0) |
Respiratory rate (breaths·min-1) | 22 (18–30) | 25 (20–30)# | 104 (20.6) |
Sodium (mmol·L−1) | 135 (132–137) | 133 (129–137)# | 9 (1.8) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae¶ | 85 (20.7) | 39 (41.5)# | 0 (0) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 (120–146) | 126 (112–145) | 11 (2.2) |
Temperature (oC) | 38.2 (37.4–39.0) | 38.5 (37.4–39.3) | 9 (1.8) |
Thrombocyte count (109 cells·L−1) | 253 (200–317) | 237 (177–327) | 9 (1.8) |
Tumour necrosis factor-α (pg·mL−1) | 5.9 (3.1–10.2) | 12.4 (6.1–29.6)# | 224 (44.4) |
Urea (mmol·L−1) | 6.4 (4.6– 9.5) | 9.8 (6.3–15.2)# | 17 (3.4) |