Subjects n | 6750 | 3079 | 3671 |
Sex (n=6750) | | | | | | |
Male versus female | 1.72 (1.45–2.04) | <0.001 | | | | |
Education (n=6734) | | | | | | |
Basic versus tertiary | 2.30 (1.72–3.09) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.50–3.11) | <0.001 | 1.70 (0.98–2.94) | 0.060 |
Secondary versus tertiary | 1.39 (1.12–1.71) | 0.003 | 1.17 (0.88–1.56) | 0.273 | 1.54 (1.12–2.11) | 0.008 |
Obesity (n=5500) | | | | | | |
BMI ≥30 kg·m−2 versus BMI <30 kg·m−2 | 1.09 (0.87–1.37) | 0.473 | 1.03 (0.76–1.41) | 0.833 | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) | 0.415 |
Waist circumference (n=5431) | | | | | | |
High versus low | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.698 | 0.93 (0.71–1.20) | 0.558 | 1.13 (0.82–1.55) | 0.455 |
Smoking (n=5964) | | | | | | |
Current or former versus never | 1.55 (1.31–1.84) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.19–1.89) | 0.001 | 1.43 (1.10–1.86) | 0.007 |
Excessive alcohol intake (n=6734) | 1.27 (1.00–1.60) | 0.049 | 1.19 (0.90–1.56) | 0.224 | 1.01 (0.63–1.64) | 0.960 |
Asthma (n=6750) | 2.19 (1.73–2.75) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.28–2.54) | 0.001 | 2.87 (2.09–3.95) | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease (n=6750) | 2.50 (2.04–3.07) | 0.001 | 2.43 (1.88–3.14) | <0.001 | 2.40 (1.72–3.35) | <0.001 |
Cardiac arrhythmias | 1.64 (1.22–2.21) | 0.001 | 1.64 (1.12–2.41) | 0.011 | 1.59 (0.98–2.57) | 0.060 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 3.66 (2.68–4.99) | <0.001 | 3.70 (2.64–5.19) | <0.001 | 1.77 (0.73–4.29) | 0.208 |
Valve disease | 2.43 (1.43–4.12) | 0.001 | 2.84 (1.56–5.19) | 0.001 | 1.43 (0.46–4.46) | 0.541 |
Cardiomyopathy and heart failure | 7.06 (4.89–10.20) | <0.001 | 6.45 (4.06–10.24) | <0.001 | 7.39 (4.03–13.55) | <0.001 |
Other | 2.10 (1.39–3.15) | <0.001 | 2.24 (1.31–3.82) | 0.003 | 2.01 (1.07–3.78) | 0.031 |
Liver disease (n=6750) | 1.60 (0.88–2.90) | 0.123 | 1.09 (0.45–2.64) | 0.849 | 2.39 (1.06–5.38) | 0.035 |
Kidney disease (n=6750) | 4.14 (2.81–6.10) | <0.001 | 5.04 (3.17–8.01) | <0.001 | 2.93 (1.45–5.93) | 0.003 |
Sarcoidosis (n=6575) | 0.84 (0.32–2.25) | 0.732 | 0.81 (0.26–2.54) | 0.724 | 0.69 (0.10–4.91) | 0.710 |
Autoimmune disease (n=6575) | | | | | | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 2.69 (1.80–4.01) | <0.001 | 1.94 (0.87–4.36) | 0.107 | 3.78 (2.36–6.05) | <0.001 |
Psoriasis | 2.91 (1.92–4.41) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.50–2.52) | 0.774 | 6.00 (3.66–9.83) | <0.001 |
Coeliac disease | 1.20 (0.54–2.69) | 0.653 | 1.59 (0.51–4.96) | 0.423 | 1.14 (0.36–3.55) | 0.827 |
Vasculitis | 1.87 (0.84–4.19) | 0.126 | 3.63 (1.35–9.72) | 0.010 | 1.14 (0.28–4.57) | 0.859 |
Purpura | 1.21 (0.45–3.24) | 0.701 | 1.20 (0.30–4.82) | 0.798 | 1.33 (0.33–5.33) | 0.691 |
Multiple sclerosis | 1.36 (0.44–4.24) | 0.592 | | | 2.00 (0.64–6.24) | 0.234 |
Diabetes mellitus (n=6745) | | | | | | |
Type 1 diabetes | 1.77 (0.79–3.95) | 0.166 | 0.73 (0.18–2.94) | 0.661 | 4.10 (1.52–11.01) | 0.005 |
Type 2 diabetes | 1.80 (1.34–2.42) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.42–2.79) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.59–2.09) | 0.753 |
Cancer (n=6575) | | | | | | |
Solid | 0.91 (0.29–2.82) | 0.867 | 0.43 (0.06–3.03) | 0.394 | 1.77 (0.44–7.12) | 0.421 |
Haematology | 1.58 (0.59–4.22) | 0.363 | | | 4.60 (1.71–12.36) | 0.002 |