Aerobic High Intensity One-Legged Interval Cycling Improves Peak Oxygen Uptake in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients; No Additional Effect from Hyperoxia

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hyperoxic aerobic high intensity one-legged interval cycling improves peak oxygen uptake (V˙O_2peak) compared to normoxic training in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and to evaluate the acute effect of hyperoxia during one- and two-legged peak exercise testing. Twelve COPD patients were recruited to perform 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks in hyperoxia (n=7) or normoxia (n=5). Each leg was trained 4×4 min at 85–95% of the one-legged peak heart rate. One-legged V˙O_2peak increased in the hyperoxia and normoxia training groups by 24 and 15% (16.1(13.2)–20.0(11.3) and 17.4(15.1)–20.0(6.7) mL·kg^-1·min^-1) respectively. The corresponding increases in V˙O_2peak during two-legged testing were 14% in both groups (20.1(11.5)–22.9(10.6) and 18.8(8.5)–21.4(7.3) mL·kg^-1·min^-1). There were no differences between groups from pre- to post-training. Nor were there any differences between acute hyperoxia and normoxia at the pre- or post-peak exercise test. One-legged aerobic high intensity interval cycling significantly increases V˙O_2peak in COPD patients. However, breathing supplemental oxygen during training or testing does not appear to improve V˙O_2peak above the level attained by breathing ambient air.

References

• 1 American Thoracic Society. . Pulmonary rehabilitation.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;  159 1666-1682
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. . Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A Statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;  159 S1-S40
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Bassett Jr DR, Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;  32 70-84
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Borg G, Linderholm H. Exercise performance and perceived exertion in patients with coronary insufficiency, arterial hypertension and vasoregulatory asthenia.  Acta Med Scand. 1970;  187 17-26
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Casaburi R, Patessio A, Ioli F, Zanaboni S, Donner CF, Wasserman K. Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease.  Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;  143 9-18
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Casaburi R, Storer TW, Ben-Dov I, Wasserman K. Effect of endurance training on possible determinants of VO2 during heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1987;  62 199-207
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Dolmage TE, Goldstein RS. Effects of one-legged exercise training of patients with COPD.  Chest. 2008;  133 370-376
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Dolmage TE, Goldstein RS. Response to one-legged cycling in patients with COPD.  Chest. 2006;  129 325-332
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Duling BR. Microvascular responses to alterations in oxygen tension.  Circ Res. 1972;  31 481-489
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Emtner M, Porszasz J, Burns M, Somfay A, Casaburi R. Benefits of supplemental oxygen in exercise training in nonhypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;  168 1034-1042
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Fujimoto K, Matsuzawa Y, Yamaguchi S, Koizumi T, Kubo K. Benefits of oxygen on exercise performance and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with COPD with mild hypoxemia.  Chest. 2002;  122 457-463
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Garrod R, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. Supplemental oxygen during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD with exercise hypoxaemia.  Thorax. 2000;  55 539-543
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Harms CA, Babcock MA, McClaran SR, Pegelow DF, Nickele GA, Nelson WB, Dempsey JA. Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1997;  82 1573-1583
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Helgerud J, Hoydal K, Wang E, Karlsen T, Berg P, Bjerkaas M, Simonsen T, Helgesen C, Hjorth N, Bach R, Hoff J. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;  39 665-671
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Hsieh MJ, Lan CC, Chen NH, Huang CC, Wu YK, Cho HY, Tsai YH. Effects of high-intensity exercise training in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Respirology. 2007;  12 381-388
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Klausen K, Secher NH, Clausen JP, Hartling O, Trap-Jensen J. Central and regional circulatory adaptations to one-leg training.  J Appl Physiol. 1982;  52 976-983
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Maltais F, LeBlanc P, Jobin J, Berube C, Bruneau J, Carrier L, Breton MJ, Falardeau G, Belleau R. Intensity of training and physiologic adaptation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;  155 555-561
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 Maltais F, LeBlanc P, Simard C, Jobin J, Berube C, Bruneau J, Carrier L, Belleau R. Skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;  154 442-447
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Maltais F, Simard AA, Simard C, Jobin J, Desgagnes P, LeBlanc P. Oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle and lactic acid kinetics during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with COPD.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;  153 288-293
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Maltais F, Simon M, Jobin J, Desmeules M, Sullivan MJ, Belanger M, Leblanc P. Effects of oxygen on lower limb blood flow and O2 uptake during exercise in COPD.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;  33 916-922
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J. Standardisation of spirometry.  Eur Respir J. 2005;  26 319-338
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Neder JA, Jones PW, Nery LE, Whipp BJ. Determinants of the exercise endurance capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The power-duration relationship.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;  162 497-504
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Nomori H, Watanabe K, Ohtsuka T, Naruke T, Suemasu K. Six-minute walking and pulmonary function test outcomes during the early period after lung cancer surgery with special reference to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;  52 113-119
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 O’Donnell DE, Bain DJ, Webb KA. Factors contributing to relief of exertional breathlessness during hyperoxia in chronic airflow limitation.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;  155 530-535
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 25 Osterås H, Hoff J, Helgerud J. Effects of high-intensity endurance training on maximal oxygen consumption in healthy elderly people.  J Appl Gerontol. 2005;  24 10
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Palange P, Galassetti P, Mannix ET, Farber MO, Manfredi F, Serra P, Carlone S. Oxygen effect on O2 deficit and VO2 kinetics during exercise in obstructive pulmonary disease.  J Appl Physiol. 1995;  78 2228-2234
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Pedersen PK, Kiens B, Saltin B. Hyperoxia does not increase peak muscle oxygen uptake in small muscle group exercise.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1999;  166 309-318
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;  176 532-555
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Richardson RS. Skeletal muscle dysfunction vs. muscle disuse in patients with COPD.  J Appl Physiol. 1999;  86 1751-1753
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 30 Richardson RS, Leek BT, Gavin TP, Haseler LJ, Mudaliar SR, Henry R, Mathieu-Costello O, Wagner PD. Reduced mechanical efficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but normal peak VO2 with small muscle mass exercise.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;  169 89-96
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Richardson RS, Sheldon J, Poole DC, Hopkins SR, Ries AL, Wagner PD. Evidence of skeletal muscle metabolic reserve during whole body exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;  159 881-885
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Rognmo O, Hetland E, Helgerud J, Hoff J, Slordahl SA. High intensity aerobic interval exercise is superior to moderate intensity exercise for increasing aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery disease.  Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;  11 216-222
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 33 Rooyackers JM, Dekhuijzen PN, Van Herwaarden CL, Folgering HT. Training with supplemental oxygen in patients with COPD and hypoxaemia at peak exercise.  Eur Respir J. 1997;  10 1278-1284
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 34 Sabapathy S, Kingsley RA, Schneider DA, Adams L, Morris NR. Continuous and intermittent exercise responses in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Thorax. 2004;  59 1026-1031
  Google Scholar
• 35 Simon M, LeBlanc P, Jobin J, Desmeules M, Sullivan MJ, Maltais F. Limitation of lower limb VO(2) during cycling exercise in COPD patients.  J Appl Physiol. 2001;  90 1013-1019
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 36 Slordahl SA, Wang E, Hoff J, Kemi OJ, Amundsen BH, Helgerud J. Effective training for patients with intermittent claudication.  Scand Cardiovasc J. 2005;  39 244-249
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 37 Somfay A, Porszasz J, Lee SM, Casaburi R. Dose-response effect of oxygen on hyperinflation and exercise endurance in nonhypoxaemic COPD patients.  Eur Respir J. 2001;  18 77-84
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 38 Somfay A, Porszasz J, Lee SM, Casaburi R. Effect of hyperoxia on gas exchange and lactate kinetics following exercise onset in nonhypoxemic COPD patients.  Chest. 2002;  121 393-400
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 39 Vogiatzis I, Nanas S, Kastanakis E, Georgiadou O, Papazahou O, Roussos C. Dynamic hyperinflation and tolerance to interval exercise in patients with advanced COPD.  Eur Respir J. 2004;  24 385-390
  Google Scholar
• 40 Vogiatzis I, Nanas S, Roussos C. Interval training as an alternative modality to continuous exercise in patients with COPD.  Eur Respir J. 2002;  20 12-19
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 41 Wadell K, Henriksson-Larsen K, Lundgren R. Physical training with and without oxygen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia.  J Rehabil Med. 2001;  33 200-205
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Correspondence

S. Bjørgen

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging

7489 Trondheim

Norway

Phone: +47 91 53 11 50

Fax: +47 73 59 86 13

Email: siri.bjorgen@ntnu.no