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There can be smoke without fire: warranted caution in promoting electronic cigarettes and heat not burn devices as a safer alternative to cigarette smoking
The tobacco industry is now shifting its focus from combustible cigarettes to promoting the “safer” electronic nicotine delivery alternatives. This editorial presents emerging challenges these devices pose to human health.
RNA sequencing of transplant-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung reveals unique pathway regulation
An RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic fingerprint of severe IPF enriched in pathways of T-cell infiltration/activation, tumour development and cholesterol homeostasis highlights novel splice variants, candidate targets and biomarkers in advanced IPF
Sex-specific differences and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 2008–2016
Despite minor differences in baseline characteristics between men and women, survival among patients with incident IPAH diagnosed 2008–2016 does not appear to be related to sex
A specific proteinase 3 activity footprint in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
This novel assay provides evidence of proteinase 3 activity in α1-antitrypsin deficiency, suggesting it may play a significant role in lung tissue damage and act as a specific biomarker for augmentation therapy
Unstable control of breathing can lead to ineffective noninvasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Upper airway obstructions in ALS patients using NIV have a central origin, and are associated with instability in the control of breathing and an upper motor neuron predominant dysfunction at the bulbar level

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Sex-specific differences and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 2008–2016
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RNA sequencing of transplant-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung reveals unique pathway regulation
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A specific proteinase 3 activity footprint in α₁-antitrypsin deficiency
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