Figures
- FIGURE 1
Predictive probability of benign disease by size and presence of central vessels on endobronchial ultrasound.
- FIGURE 2
Area under curve for endobronchial ultrasound morphological characteristics of node size <10mm with the presence of a central vessel in assessing benign lymph nodes. Area under the curve 0.6716 (se 0.0249).
- FIGURE 3
Endosonographic image of a triangular node.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Demographic profile of patients and malignancy status for lymph nodes
Total Patients (n=402) Lymph nodes (n=740) Males n 237 Females n 165 Age years mean (range) 65.7 (20–92) Final diagnosis Malignant 244 (60.6) 463 (62.5) Benign 153 (38.1) 270 (36.5) Sarcoidosis 31 Tuberculosis 19 Other infection 3 Benign/reactive 100 Data are presented as n or n (%), unless otherwise stated.
- TABLE 2
Morphological characteristics of lymph nodes
Morphology Total Benign Malignant Lymph nodes 740 (100) 270 (36.4) 463 (62.5) Shape Triangular 50 (6.78) 43/50 (89.58) 5/50 (10.42) Round/oval 687 (93.22) 226/687 (33.09) 457/687 (66.91) Size <10 mm 311 (42.03) 133/311 (43.46) 173/311 (56.54) ≥10 mm 429 (57.97) 137/429 (32.08) 290/429 (67.92) Margin Defined 668 (91.01) 238/668 (35.84) 426/668 (64.16) Ill-defined 66 (8.99) 30/66 (46.88) 34/66 (53.13) Central vessel Present 102 (13.8) 71/102 (71.00) 29/102 (29.00) Absent 636 (85.95) 199/636 (31.44) 434/636 (68.56) Echogenicity Uniform 664 (89.73) 243/664 (36.82) 417/664 (63.18) Hyper- or hypoechoic 73 (10.27) 26/73 (36.62) 45/73 (63.38) Data are presented as n (%) or n/N (%).
- TABLE 3
Univariate analysis of endosonographic characteristics for benign disease
OR (95% CI) AUC Sensitivity % Specificity % PPV % NPV % Triangular shape 17.4 (7.0–43.1) 0.575 16 98.90 89.6 66.9 Size 6 mm 1.37 (0.93–2.01) 0.523 20.4 84.2 43 63.50 10 mm 1.63 (1.2–2.2) 0.559 49.3 62.6 43.5 67.9 Ill-defined margin 1.31 (0.95–2.63) 0.519 11.60 92.60 46.9 64.2 Central vessel present 5.34 (3.37–8.46) 0.6 26.3 93.7 71 68.6 AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value.
- TABLE 4
Predicted probabilities and test statistics for significant morphological predictors if all/none are present
Positive characteristics n Size <10 mm Central vessel Predictive probability (95% CI) Sensitivity % Specificity % NPV % 0 0 0 0.28 (0.25–0.32) 35 42 52 1 1 0 0.37 (0.33–0.41) 39 65 64 1 0 1 0.62 (0.54–0.71) 16 96 66 2 1 1 0.81 (0.72–0.91) 10 98 65 NPV: negative predictive value.
- TABLE 5
Relative risk of being benign in final multivariate model
Characteristics Risk ratio (95% CI) p-value Size <10 mm 1.31 (1.107–1.549) 0.002 ≥10 mm Ref. Central vessel Absent Ref. Present 2.22 (1.876–2.621) <0.001
