Figures
- FIGURE 1
Graph illustrating the differences in fatigue across the three groups. CRC: chronic refractory cough; Ex: explained cough. **: p=0.01; ***: p<0.001.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Participant demographics
Group Refractory cough Explained cough Non-cough Female n 19 24 18 Male n 6 18 4 Age years mean±sd 57.04±13.54 62.49±11.32 54.59±14.46 - TABLE 2
Descriptive statistics by group
Questionnaire Variable Group Chronic refractory cough Explained cough Non-cough Big Five Inventory Extraversion 3.11±0.87 3.51±0.73 3.39±0.70 Agreeableness 4.06±0.59 4.25±0.51 4.14±0.64 Conscientiousness 3.88±0.74 4.16±0.60 4.25±0.66 Neuroticism 3.11±1.06* 2.67±0.74 2.47±0.85 Openness 3.24±0.73 3.36±0.61 3.45±0.55 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety 8.40±5.31* 6.76±3.97 4.91±3.74 Depression 6.56±4.12*# 3.88±2.78 2.55±2.74 Chalder Fatigue Scale Fatigue 19.96±6.69*# 15.48±5.68+ 12.50±5.24 Patient Health Questionnaire-15 Physical symptoms 10.48±6.02* 8.15±5.90+ 4.60±4.22 Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised Identity 4.20±2.78 4.32±3.42 Timeline (chronic) 21.17±5.73 18.66±5.96 Consequences 18.83±5.32# 15.77±4.49 Personal control 16.79±5.32 17.95±3.83 Treatment control 16.00±3.87 17.66±3.02 Illness coherence 11.46±4.77# 14.62±4.75 Timeline (cyclical) 10.92±3.45 12.03±3.54 Emotional representations 18.42±5.27# 15.36±4.09 Data are presented as mean±sd. *: p<0.05 between CRC and non-cough; #: p<0.05 between CRC and explained cough; +: p<0.05 between explained cough and non-cough.
- TABLE 3
Anxiety and depression cut-off score frequencies by group
Cut-off values Anxiety Depression Refractory cough# Explained cough¶ Non-cough+ Refractory cough# Explained cough¶ Non-cough+ 0–7 12 (48%) 26 (62%) 17 (77%) 14 (56%) 36 (86%) 20 (91%) 8–10, mild 2 (8%) 8 (19%) 3 (14%) 9 (36%) 6 (14%) 2 (9%) 11–15, moderate 10 (40%) 6 (14%) 2 (9%) 1 (4%) 0 0 ≥16, severe 1 (4%) 2 (5%) 0 1 (4%) 0 0 #: n=25; ¶: n=42; +: n=22.
Vol 3 Issue 1
Table of Contents
Psychological profile of individuals presenting with chronic cough
