Figures
- FIGURE 1
Effects of BAs on BEAS-2B cell viability. BEAS-2B cell viability following stimulation with a) lithocholic, b) deoxycholic, c) cholic and d) chenodeoxycholic acids at varying concentrations. Viability is measured as a percentage of vehicle control after 48 h exposure. Data are presented as mean±sem. Negative controls were measured by fixing the cells in methanol before adding the TiterBlue and MTT reagent (n=6). C: control; CTB: CellTiter-Blue assay; MTT: thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. **: p=0.01; ****: p<0.0001 versus controls.
- FIGURE 2
Measurement of a) L-8, b) IL-6 and c) GM-CSF release by BEAS-2B cells stimulated with lithocholic acid for 48 h. Data are presented as mean±sem (n=6). ELISA measured cytokine secretion in cell supernatants. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. p-values of 0.05 or less were regarded as significant. C: control; IL: interleukin; GM-CSF: granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
- FIGURE 3
Measurement of a) IL-8, b) IL-6 and c) GM-CSF release by BEAS-2B cells stimulated with deoxycholic acid for 48 h. Data are presented as mean±sem (n=6). ELISA measured cytokine secretion in cell supernatants. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. p-values of 0.05 or less were regarded as significant. C: control; IL: interleukin; GM-CSF: granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
- FIGURE 4
Measurement of a) IL-8, b) IL-6 and c) GM-CSF release by BEAS-2B cells stimulated with cholic acid for 48 h. Data are presented as mean±sem (n=6). ELISA measured cytokine secretion in cell supernatants. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. p-values of 0.05 or less were regarded as significant. C: control; IL: interleukin; GM-CSF: granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
- FIGURE 5
Measurement of a) IL-8, b) IL-6 and c) GM-CSF release by BEAS-2B cells stimulated with chenodeoxycholic acid for 48 h. Data are presented as mean±sem (n=6). ELISA measured cytokine secretion in cell supernates. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. p-values of 0.05 or less were regarded as significant. C: control; IL: interleukin; GM-CSF: granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
