Figures
- FIGURE 1
Portions of two representative reports, a, c and e) one during noninvasive ventilation through a helmet and b, d and f) the other through mask. Tracings of a and b) airway pressure (Paw), c and d) flow and e and f) diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) are shown. In a, c and e, two ineffective efforts are depicted, while two double-triggerings are depicted in b, d and f.
- FIGURE 2
The regression lines between the asynchrony index (AI) and the double true index (DTI) shown for overall data, and for mask and helmet separately. DTI inversely correlated with the AI, both overall (r2=0.67, p<0.0001), and separately for mask (r2=0.82, p<0.0001) and helmet (r2=0.64, p<0.0001).
Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics and distribution of asynchronies
Rate of asynchrony Overall (n=40) Mask (n=20) Helmet (n=20) p-value AI <10% (tracings) 4.0±3.3% (20) 4.4±3.3 (9) 3.6±3.3 (11) 0.752 AI ≥10% (tracings) 18.1±5.8% (20) 18.4±5.2% (11) 17.7±6.9% (9) IE 33.3% 25.3% 44.8% 0.047 AT 40.5% 42.2% 38.0% 0.665 DT 26.2% 32.5% 17.2% 0.014 Data are presented as mean±sd (n), unless otherwise stated. p-values refer to Chi-squared test between interfaces. AI: asynchrony index; IE: ineffective effort; AT: autotriggering; DT: double-triggering.
- TABLE 2
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the breath analysis and report analysis
Parameter Breath analysis Report analysis Expert Nonexpert p-value Expert Nonexpert p-value Sensitivity (95% CI) 0.20 (0.14–0.29) 0.21 (0.12–0.30) 0.837 0.10 (0.05–0.24) 0.10 (0.01–0.24) 0.915 Specificity (95% CI) 0.90 (0.85–0.93) 0.88 (0.79–0.93) 0.404 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.547 PPV (95% CI) 0.18 (0.12–0.25) 0.18 (0.11–0.23) 0.842 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.547 NPV (95% CI) 0.89 (0.88–0.90) 0.89 (0.88–0.90) 0.694 0.53 (0.51–0.57) 0.53 (0.50–0.57) 0.887 Mask Helmet p-value Mask Helmet p-value Sensitivity (95% CI) 0.28 (0.17–0.37) 0.10 (0.05–0.16) <0.0001 0.18 (0.00–0.36) 0.00 (0.00–0.00) <0.0001 Specificity (95% CI) 0.91 (0.86–0.94) 0.86 (0.79–0.92) 0.008 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.555 PPV (95% CI) 0.30 (0.15–0.38) 0.07 (0.05–0.11) <0.0001 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.553 NPV (95% CI) 0.89 (0.87–0.90) 0.89 (0.88–0.90) 0.271 0.50 (0.45–0.56) 0.55 (0.55–0.55) <0.0001 Europe Asia p-value Europe Asia p-value Sensitivity (95% CI) 0.23 (0.12–0.39) 0.20 (0.14–0.24) 0.176 0.13 (0.03–0.33) 0.10 (0.05–0.15) 0.114 Specificity (95% CI) 0.90 (0.78–0.93) 0.87 (0.84–0.91) 0.910 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.723 PPV (95% CI) 0.19 (0.10–0.26) 0.18 (0.15–0.22) 0.726 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.723 NPV (95% CI) 0.89 (0.88–0.92) 0.89 (0.88–0.89) 0.336 0.54 (0.51–0.60) 0.53 (0.51–0.54) 0.115 - TABLE 3
Influence of support level, breathing pattern and respiratory drive on sensitivity and prevalence of asynchronies
Variables Range# Sensitivity ≥0.20 Linear trend for sensitivity AI ≥10% Linear trend for prevalence PS cmH2O <10 22.2% p=0.102 33.3% p=0.491 10–12 50.0% 57.1% >12 60.0% 50.0% VT mL <570 60.0% p=0.072 50.0% p=0.654 570–851 50.0% 55.0% >851 20.0% 40.0% RRmec breath·min−1 <19 0.0% p=0.146 50.0% p=0.371 19–25 55.0% 60.0% >25 38.9% 30.0% EAdipeak µV <10 30.0% p=0.999 60.0% p=0.178 10–22 60.0% 55.0% >22 30.0% 30.0% AI: asynchrony index; PS: inspiratory pressure support; VT: tidal volume; RRmec: ventilator rate of cycling; EAdipeak: peak electrical activity of the diaphragm. #: defined by percentiles.
Supplementary Material
Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.
Supplementary material 00075-2017_supp
Supplementary Material
M. Antonelli 00075-2017_Antonelli
L. Heunks 00075-2017_Heunks
S.M. Maggiore 00075-2017_Maggiore
P. Navalesi 00075-2017_Navalesi
