Figures
- FIGURE 1
Distribution of fatigue severity among the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 fatigue dimensions.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Patient characteristics
Subjects 120 Age years 52.61±14.0 Sex Male 14 (11.7) Female 106 (88.3) Race White 103 (85.8) Other 17 (14.2) African-American/Black 7 (5.8) Hispanic or Latino 6 (5.0) Asian 2 (1.7) Native American 2 (1.7) BMI Less than obese 62 (51.7) Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg·m−2) 2 (1.7) Healthy weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg·m−2) 27 (22.5) Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg·m−2) 33 (27.5) Obese (BMI ≥30 kg·m−2) 58 (48.3) WHO group I breakdown Idiopathic 67 (55.8) Other 53 (44.2) Connective tissue disease 16 (13.3) Unknown 13 (10.8) Congenital heart disease 7 (5.8) Drug/toxin induced 4 (3.3) Heritable 3 (2.5) Idiopathic with heritable 3 (2.5) Other 7 (5.7) NYHA Functional Class I/II 81 (67.5) I 11 (9.2) II 70 (58.3) III/IV 39 (32.5) III 35 (29.2) IV 4 (3.3) Oxygen use 63 (52.5) Medications PGI2 8 (6.6) PDEI 15 (12.5) ERA 9 (7.5) PGI2+PDEI 25 (20.8) PGI2+ERA 7 (5.8) PDEI+ERA 20 (16.7) PGI2+PDEI+ERA 23 (19.2) Data are presented as n, mean±sd or n (%). BMI: body mass index; WHO: World Health Organization; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PGI2: prostaglandin I2; PDEI: phosphodiesterase inhibitor; ERA: endothelin receptor antagonist.
- TABLE 2
Fatigue dimension and patient# characteristics
Patients Reduced Activity Reduced Motivation General Fatigue Physical Fatigue Mental Fatigue Total Sex Male 14 11.21±2.99
(5–15)9.57±2.90
(5–14)12.43±3.06
(7–18)12.79±2.88
(7–17)10.36±3.39
(6–17)56.36±12.07
(34–71)Female 106 11.35±4.31
(4–20)10.40±3.67
(4–20)13.53±3.67
(4–20)13.29±3.77
(4–20)10.43±4.06
(4–20)59.00±15.16
(26–92)Race White 103 11.46±4.16
(4–20)10.51±3.56
(4–20)13.55±3.56
(5–20)13.36±3.66
(4–20)10.42±3.90
(4–20)59.30±14.75
(27–92)Other 17 10.59±4.23
(4–17)9.00±3.61
(4–18)12.47±3.91
(4–19)12.47±3.73
(6–20)10.47±4.57
(4–19)55.00±17.50
(26–87)BMI Less than obese 62 9.85±3.79
(4–20)9.52±3.42
(4–20)13.11±3.27
(6–20)12.23±3.72
(4–19)8.63±3.21
(4–18)53.34±13.08
(26–78)Obese 58 12.91***±3.99
(4–20)11.14*±3.61
(4–19)13.71±3.95
(4–20)14.31**±3.32
(7–20)12.34***±3.84
(4–20)64.41***±15.24
(26–92)PAH Idiopathic 67 11.28±4.33
(4–20)10.37±3.87
(4–20)13.40±3.60
(5.20)13.58±4.06
(4–20)10.54±4.19
(4.20)59.18±16.08
(26–91)Other 53 11.40±3.98
(4–20)10.21±3.24
(4–19)13.40±3.66
(4–20)12.79±3.09
(6–20)10.28±3.72
(4–19)58.08±14.03
(26–92)NYHA Functional Class I/II 81 10.17±4.05
(4–20)9.25±3.28
(4–20)13.19±3.89
(4–20)12.60±3.94
(4–20)9.36±3.58
(4–20)54.57±14.99
(26–91)III/IV 39 13.74***±3.31
(6–20)12.49***±3.22
(6–19)13.85±2.95
(8–20)14.54**±2.63
(10–20)12.64***±3.89
(5–20)67.26***±11.61
(43–92)Oxygen use 63 12.10*±4.17
(4–20)10.95*±3.44
(4–20)14.32**±3.11
(6–20)13.89*±3.13
(6–20)11.37**±3.74
(4–20)62.62**±13.27
(27–92)Data are presented as n or mean±sd (minimum–maximum). BMI: body mass index; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; NYHA: New York Heart Association. For oxygen use, only “Yes” descriptive statistics are reported. #: n=120 patients. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001. Asterisks follow the higher mean for the fatigue dimension.
- TABLE 3
Fatigue dimension scores and medication use
Subjects Reduced Activity Reduced Motivation General Fatigue Physical Fatigue Mental Fatigue Total PGI2 8 11.42±3.98
(4–20)11.00*±3.67
(4–20)14.00±3.71
(5–20)13.65±3.57
(4–20)11.03±4.33
(4–20)61.10±14.54
(28–91)PDEI 15 11.51±4.02
(4–20)10.63±3.64
(4–20)13.77±3.39
(5–20)13.43±3.51
(4–20)10.57±4.03
(4–20)59.90±14.51
(27–92)ERA 9 11.42±4.17
(4–19)10.31±4.00
(4–20)13.73±3.66
(5–20)12.88±4.00
(5–20)10.17±4.14
(4–19)58.52±15.98
(26–87)PGI2+PDEI 25 11.79±3.97
(4–20)11.32*±3.62
(4–20)14.49**±3.59
(5–20)13.81±3.57
(4–20)11.28±4.48
(4–20)62.68*±14.24
(28–91)PGI2+ERA 7 12.19±3.50
(4–19)11.50±3.87
(4–20)14.92*±3.48
(5–20)13.46±3.73
(5–20)11.85±4.54
(4–19)63.92*±13.67
(33–87)PDEI+ERA 20 11.03±3.96
(4–19)10.42±4.15
(4–20)13.92±3.46
(5–20)12.81±3.64
(6–20)10.53±4.40
(4–19)58.69±15.55
(27–87)PGI2+PDEI+ERA 23 12.71±3.33
(5–19)11.90*±4.06
(4–20)15.57**±3.20
(5–20)14.00±3.52
(7–20)12.05*±4.60
(4–19)66.24*±12.78
(34–87)Data are presented as n or mean±sd (minimum–maximum). PGI2: prostaglandin I2; PDEI: phosphodiesterase inhibitor; ERA: endothelin receptor antagonist. Only “Yes” descriptive statistics are reported. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01. Asterisks follow the higher mean for the fatigue dimension.
