Tables
- TABLE 1
Descriptive sample statistics and use of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs
Characteristics Total sample Exposed to e-cigarette advertisements Crude OR of e-cigarette advertisement exposure No (0=ref) Yes (1) Respondents 6902 (100) 4193 (61.2) 2529 (38.8) Mean±sd age years 13.1±1.85 12.9±1.86 13.3±1.80 1.1 (1.1–1.2)*** Sex Female (0) 3356 (48.7) 2159 (50.2) 1194 (46.2) 1.2 (1.1–1.3)*** Male (1) 3533 (51.3) 2138 (49.8) 1388 (53.8) School type High academic level (0) 3541 (51.3) 2313 (53.7) 1221 (47.2) 1.3 (1.2–1.4)*** Lower academic level (1) 3361 (48.7) 1992 (46.3) 1366 (52.8) Migration background No (0) 5605 (81.3) 3547 (82.5) 2054 (79.6) 1.2 (1.1–1.4)** Yes (1) 1288 (18.7) 745 (17.5) 528 (20.5) Socioeconomic status# Low (0) 1307 (19.3) 823 (19.5) 484 (19.0) 1.0 (1.0–1.1) Medium (1) 3568 (52.6) 2225 (52.6) 1338 (52.6) High (2) 1908 (28.1) 1183 (28.0) 721 (28.4) Sensation seeking¶ Low (0) 4046 (58.9) 2739 (63.9) 1304 (50.6) 1.7 (1.6–1.9)*** High (1) 2828 (41.1) 1551 (36.2) 1272 (49.4) Consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence¶ Low (0) 3442 (50.5) 2295 (54.0) 1143 (44.6) 1.5 (1.3–1.6)*** High (1) 3377 (49.5) 1956 (46.0) 1420 (55.4) Substance use+ Ever e-cigarette use Yes (1) 1307 (21.7) 597 (15.9) 709 (31.0) 2.4 (2.1–2.7)*** No (0) 5536 (78.3) 3679 (84.1) 1851 (69.0) Current e-cigarette use Yes (1) 223 (3.9) 69 (1.9) 154 (7.1) 4.0 (2.9–5.5)*** No (0) 6628 (96.1) 4210 (98.1) 2411 (92.9) Ever cigarette smoking Yes (1) 1351 (21.8) 655 (17.1) 694 (29.3) 2.0 (1.7–2.3)*** No (0) 5499 (78.2) 3623 (82.9) 1870 (70.7) Current cigarette smoking Yes (1) 375 (6.0) 162 (4.2) 213 (8.8) 2.2 (1.8–2.8)*** No (0) 6475 (94.0) 4116 (95.8) 2351 (91.2) Ever hookah smoking Yes (1) 1388 (23.2) 644 (17.3) 743 (32.6) 2.3 (2.0–2.6)*** No (0) 5450 (76.8) 3629 (82.7) 1814 (67.4) Current hookah smoking Yes (1) 344 (6.1) 141 (4.2) 202 (9.2) 2.3 (1.8–3.0)*** No (0) 6499 (93.9) 4135 (95.8) 2357 (90.8) Ever dual-use e-cigarette/cigarette Yes (1) 874 (14.6) 381 (10.3) 493 (21.4) 2.4 (2.0–2.8)*** No (0) 5924 (85.4) 3870 (89.7) 2074 (78.6) Current dual-use e-cigarette/cigarette Yes (1) 94 (1.5) 26 (0.6) 68 (3.0) 4.9 (3.0–8.0)*** No (0) 6710 (98.5) 4227 (99.4) 2476 (97.0) Ever dual-use e-cigarette/hookah Yes (1) 988 (16.9) 427 (11.7) 560 (25.3) 2.6 (2.2–3.0)*** No (0) 5799 (83.1) 3820 (88.3) 1973 (74.7) Current dual-use e-cigarette/hookah Yes (1) 138 (2.5) 42 (1.2) 96 (4.6) 3.9 (2.6–5.8)*** No (0) 6660 (97.5) 4210 (98.8) 2443 (95.4) Ever dual-use cigarette/hookah Yes (1) 890 (14.9) 395 (10.9) 495 (21.4) 2.2 (1.9–2.6)*** No (0) 5933 (85.1) 3868 (89.1) 2057 (78.6) Current dual-use cigarette/hookah Yes (1) 115 (2.0) 38 (1.1) 77 (3.3) 3.2 (2.0–5.1)*** No (0) 6714 (98.0) 4229 (98.9) 2477 (96.7) Ever poly-use e-cigarettes/cigarette/hookah Yes (1) 725 (12.4) 304 (8.5) 421 (18.6) 2.5 (2.1–2.9)*** No (0) 6049 (87.6) 3934 (91.5) 2108 (81.4) Current poly-use e-cigarettes/cigarette/hookah Yes (1) 62 (1.0) 15 (0.4) 47 (2.1) 5.3 (2.8–10.0)*** No (0) 6722 (99.0) 4288 (99.6) 2487 (97.9) Data are presented as n (%) or OR (95% CI), unless otherwise stated. Differences in sample size (total sample versus exposure to e-cigarette advertisements) are based on missing data. ref: reference. #: tertile split; ¶: median split; +: substance use data were weighted to census data (age, sex, migration background, school type) to consider disproportion of selected sample; census data were obtained from the German Federal Office of Statistics. **: p≤0.01; ***: p≤0.001.
- TABLE 2
Relationships between exposure to e-cigarette advertisements and ever-use of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs
Outcomes (dichotomous) ever-use# E-cigarette use¶ Cigarette use+ Hookah use§ E-cigarette/cigarette use+ E-cigarette/hookah use§ Cigarette/hookah useƒ E-cigarette/cigarette/hookah useƒ Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements 1.6 (1.3–1.8)*** 1.2 (1.0–1.4)* 1.4 (1.2–1.7)*** 1.6 (1.3–1.9)*** 1.7 (1.4–2.0)*** 1.4 (1.1–1.7)* 1.7 (1.4–2.1)*** Age 1.5 (1.4–1.5)*** 1.4 (1.3–1.5)*** 1.2 (1.2–1.4)*** 1.5 (1.4–1.6)*** 1.5 (1.4–1.6)*** 1.4 (1.3–1.5)*** 1.5 (1.4–1.6)*** Sex (ref=female) 1.5 (1.3–1.8)*** 0.8 (0.7–1.0)* 1.3 (1.1–1.6)* 1.1 (0.9–1.3) 1.4 (1.2–1.7)*** 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.1 (0.9–1.4) School type (ref=high) 1.8 (1.4–2.4)*** 1.8 (1.3–2.5)*** 1.8 (1.4–2.2)*** 2.0 (1.5–2.9)*** 2.1 (1.6–2.8)*** 1.6 (1.1–2.2)* 2.1 (1.4–2.9)*** Migration background (ref=none) 1.2 (0.9–1.4) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)* 2.2 (1.8–2.8)*** 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 1.3 (1.0–1.7)* 1.1 (0.8–1.4) 1.0 (0.8–1.3) Socioeconomic status (ref=low) 1.0 (1.0–1.1) 1.0 (0.9–1.0) 1.0 (1.0–1.1) 1.0 (0.9–1.1) 1.1 (1.0–1.2)* 1.0 (0.9–1.1) 1.0 (1.0–1.1) Sensation seeking (ref=low) 1.7 (1.6–1.8)*** 1.7 (1.6–1.9)*** 1.5 (1.3–1.6)*** 1.8 (1.7–2.0)*** 1.7 (1.6–1.9)*** 1.6 (1.4–1.8)*** 1.8 (1.7–2.1)*** Consumer susceptibility (ref=low) 1.1 (1.0–1.2) 1.0 (0.9–1.1) 1.1 (1.0–1.3)* 1.1 (0.9–1.2) 1.1 (1.0–1.3)* 1.1 (0.9–1.3) 1.1 (0.9–1.2) E-cigarette use## 7.6 (6.2–9.3)*** 14.9 (12.1–18.5)*** 12.6 (9.9–16.0)*** At least one friend vaping e-cigarettes 3.9 (3.1–4.8)*** 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 3.5 (2.7–4.7)*** 3.6 (2.8–4.7)*** 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 3.1 (2.3–4.3)*** At least one friend smoking cigarettes 1.8 (1.5–2.3)*** 4.6 (3.6–5.8)*** 1.4 (1.1–1.7)*** 4.1 (3.0–5.7)*** 2.2 (1.7–2.8)*** 4.6 (3.2–6.5)*** 4.1 (2.8–5.9)*** At least one friend smoking hookahs 2.3 (1.8–2.9)*** 1.7 (1.3–2.1)*** 6.2 (4.7–8.2)*** 2.2 (1.5–3.0)*** 4.4 (3.1–6.2)*** 5.2 (3.4–7.8)*** 5.1 (3.3–8.1)*** Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% CI). ref: reference. #: models adjusted for age, sex, migration background, school type, consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence, socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, and e-cigarette use of at least one friend; ¶: n=6573; +: n=6532; §: n=6523; ƒ: n=6511; ##: e-cigarette use was omitted where e-cigarette use was modelled as an outcome. *: p<0.05; ***: p≤0.001; all models allow for nested data (p<0.001).
- TABLE 3
Relationships between exposure to e-cigarette advertisements and past 30-day use of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs
Outcomes (dichotomous) current use# E-cigarette use¶ Cigarette use+ Hookah use§ E-cigarette/cigarette useƒ E-cigarette/hookah use## Cigarette/hookah use¶¶ E-cigarette/cigarette/hookah use++ Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements 2.3 (1.6–3.2)*** 1.4 (1.1–1.9)* 1.3 (1.0–1.7)* 2.4 (1.5–4.1)*** 2.2 (1.5–3.4)*** 1.8 (1.1–2.9)* 3.4 (1.8–6.5)*** Age 1.3 (1.1–1.5)*** 1.6 (1.4–1.8)*** 1.4 (1.3–1.5)*** 1.5 (1.2–1.8)*** 1.3 (1.1–1.5)* 1.6 (1.3–1.9)*** 1.8 (1.5–2.2)*** Sex (ref=female) 1.2 (0.9–1.7) 0.5 (0.4–0.6)*** 1.0 (0.7–1.3) 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* 0.4 (0.2–0.8)* School type (ref=high) 2.1 (1.3–3.3)* 1.5 (0.9–2.5) 1.7 (1.1–2.6)* 2.2 (1.2–3.9)* 3.1 (1.7–5.5)*** 1.4 (0.8–2.4) 2.8 (1.3–6.1)* Migration background (ref=none) 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 0.4 (0.3–0.7)*** 2.2 (1.6–3.0)*** 0.4 (0.2–0.9)* 1.3 (0.8–2.0) 0.8 (0.4–1.3) 0.5 (0.2–1.2) Socioeconomic status (ref=low) 1.1 (1.0–1.3) 0.9 (0.8–1.0) 1.1 (1.0–1.2)* 1.0 (0.9–1.2) 1.0 (1.0–1.3) 1.0 (0.9–1.2) 1.1 (0.9–1.3) Sensation seeking (ref=low) 2.2 (1.9–2.6)*** 1.8 (1.5–2.1)*** 1.7 (1.5–1.9)*** 2.8 (2.2–3.7)*** 2.4 (2.0–2.9)*** 2.3 (1.8–3.0)*** 3.9 (2.8–5.5)*** Consumer susceptibility (ref=low) 1.1 (0.9–1.4) 1.1 (0.9–1.3) 1.3 (1.1–1.5)* 1.2 (0.9–1.6) 1.2 (0.9–1.5) 1.6 (1.2–2.1)*** 1.3 (0.9–1.9) E-cigarette use 7.7 (5.4–11.1)*** 8.4 (5.8–12.3)*** 11.5 (5.3–25.3)*** At least one friend vaping e-cigarettes§§ 18.1 (6.2–52.6)*** 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 1.8 (1.1–3.0)* 30.3 (3.8–240.5)*** 30.5 (4.0–231.1)*** 3.9 (1.5–10.3)* At least one friend smoking cigarettes§§ 2.3 (1.3–4.3)* 38.9 (9.3–163.1)*** 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 1.7 (0.8–3.6) At least one friend smoking hookahs§§ 1.9 (0.9–4.2) 1.8 (1.0–3.2)* 11.5 (4.4–33.0)*** 2.0 (0.6–7.2) 5.2 (1.2–22.6)* Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% CI). ref: reference. #: models adjusted for age, sex, migration background, school type, consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence, socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, and e-cigarette use of at least one friend; ¶: n=6577; +: n=6531; §: n=6529; ƒ: n=6540; ##: n=6533; ¶¶: n=6532; ++: n=6575; §§: peer behaviour was omitted in some cases due to small cell frequencies, meaning that corresponding behaviour was also shown by peers. *: p<0.05; ***: p≤0.001; all models allow for nested data (p<0.05).
