Tables
- TABLE 1
Demographics and cardiopulmonary evaluation of athletes with and without sleep disordered breathing (SDB)
All Non-SDB SDB p-value Position played forwards:backs 18:24 8:16 10:8 0.15 Height cm 174.2±6.5 173.8±5.9 174.7±7.3 0.67 Weight kg 84.1±13.8 84.0±11.8 84.1±16.5 0.99 Body mass index kg·m−2 27.7±4.0 27.8±3.2 27.5±5.0 0.85 BSA m2 2.0±0.2 2.0±0.2 2.0±0.2 0.99 Neck circumference cm 42.1±2.5 42.2±1.8 42.0±3.2 0.73 Muscle weight, trunk kg 29.3±3.5 29.3±3.4 29.3±3.8 0.98 Muscle weight, limb kg 28.6±4.1 28.8±3.8 28.3±4.6 0.70 % Body fat 20.3±7.9 20.9±7.6 19.5±8.4 0.59 Epworth sleepiness scale 9.0±4.0 8.3±3.3 9.9±4.7 0.19 WatchPAT data AHI 5.4±4.4 2.5±1.3 9.4±3.9 <0.0001 ODI 2.1±2.2 0.9±0.8 3.6±2.5 <0.0001 Mean oxygen saturation % 96.5±0.6 96.6±0.7 96.4±0.5 0.37 Minimum oxygen saturation % 90.8±3.6 91.9±2.6 89.2±4.2 0.02 Mean heart rate beats·min−1 54.3±5.2 52.4±5.5 56.7±3.6 <0.01 Echocardiography LVEF % 65.5±4.7 66.0±4.7 64.9±4.9 0.50 LVEDV mL 152.2±26.1 151.9±27.7 152.6±24.7 0.93 LVEDV/BSA 75.2±10.3 75.1±10.7 75.3±10.2 0.96 LVESV mL 53.6±10.6 52.1±9.9 55.5±11.4 0.30 LVESV/BSA 26.6±5.0 25.8±4.3 27.5±5.8 0.29 Stroke volume mL 98.8±19.5 100.1±21.6 97.2±17.0 0.65 Stroke volume/BSA 48.7±7.7 49.4±8.7 47.8±6.3 0.52 LVDd mm 52.8±3.1 53.1±2.6 52.4±3.8 0.48 LVDd/BSA 26.1±1.9 26.3±1.6 26.0±2.2 0.61 IVS mm 10.0±0.8 9.9±0.8 10.2±0.9 0.28 PWT mm 9.8±0.8 9.8±0.7 9.9±0.8 0.64 LVM g 197.9±30.4 197.7±25.4 198.1±36.9 0.96 LVMI 98.1±13.5 98.4±12.9 97.7±14.7 0.88 LAD mm 36.2±4.0 36.6±4.3 35.6±3.6 0.40 LAVI 29.9±6.0 30.6±6.3 28.8±5.6 0.35 Right atrial area mm2 19.2±3.1 19.4±3.2 18.9±3.0 0.61 Aortic diameter mm 30.5±2.3 30.4±2.4 30.6±2.1 0.80 E/e′ 6.4±1.4 6.3±1.6 6.6±1.0 0.48 CPET Rest heart rate beats·min−1 72.5±7.4 70.4±7.2 75.0±7.0 0.05 Peak heart rate beats·min−1 164.9±16.7 162.4±17.1 167.8±16.1 0.32 Rest SBP mmHg 127.3±17.0 128.5±17.7 125.8±16.4 0.63 Peak SBP mmHg 199.7±23.0 196.2±20.6 203.8±25.4 0.31 RMR mL·min−1·kg−1 4.1±0.6 4.3±0.5 4.0±0.6 0.20 Peak oxygen uptake mL·min−1·kg−1 36.9±6.9 36.6±6.3 37.2±7.7 0.81 24-h Holter ECG# Mean heart rate beats·min−1 67.4±5.8 66.3±5.5 68.5±6.1 0.24 Maximum heart rate beats·min−1 135.3±13.8 136.7±16.4 133.2±9.0 0.43 Minimum heart rate beats·min−1 36.1±4.2 36.3±3.9 35.8±4.7 0.71 PVCs on Holter Counts n (%) 0.02 0 21 (51.2%) 12 (50%) 9 (52.9%) 1–99 16 (39.0%) 12 (50%) 4 (23.5%) ≥100 4 (9.8%) 0 (0%) 4 (23.5%) Run n (%) 1.00 2 run 2 (4.9%) 1 (4.2%) 1 (5.9%) 3–4 run 1 (2.4%) 1 (4.2%) 0 (0%) Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Total subjects=42, 24 in the non-SDB group and 18 in the SDB. BSA: body surface area; AHI: apnoea–hypopnoea index; ODI: oxygen desaturation index; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end-diastolic volume; ESV: end-systolic volume; Dd: end-diastolic diameter; LVM: left ventricular mass; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; IVS: end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness; PWT: end-diastolic posterior wall thickness; LAD: left atrial diameter; LAVI: left atrial volume index; E wave: early diastolic filling velocity: e′: early diastolic velocity; CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise testing; SBP: systolic blood pressure; RMR: resting metabolic rate; PVC: premature ventricular complex. #: number of SDB athletes was 17 because one athlete in the SDB group had a recording error.