Plasma microfibrillar-associated protein 4 is not prognostic of emphysema progression but is associated with cardiovascular disease history and mortality in COPD patients

Sofie Lock Johansson; Helle Wulf-Johansson; Anders Schlosser; Ingrid L. Titlestad; Bruce Miller; Ruth Tal-Singer; Uffe Holmskov; Jørgen Vestbo; Grith Lykke Sørensen

doi:10.1183/23120541.00021-2019

Tables

TABLE 1

Associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outcomes and heparin-anticoagulated plasma microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in patients stratified into current smokers and former smokers

	Subjects	All^#		Former smokers^¶		Current smokers⁺
	Subjects	β-coefficient (95% CI)	p-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	p-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	p-value
Year 0 (enrolment)
6MWD m	979	1.16 (0.05–2.27)	0.04	1.30 (0.01–2.60)	0.049	0.66 (−1.60–2.90)	ns
mMRC	961	−0.004 (−0.01–0.01)	ns	0.0006 (−0.01–0.01)	ns	−0.02 (−0.04– −0.002)	0.03
SGRQ	965	−0.20 (−0.37– −0.02)	0.03	−0.10 (−0.30–0.10)	ns	−0.52 (−0.88– −0.15)	0.006
BODE index	939	−0.02 (−0.04– −0.001)	0.04	−0.02 (−0.05– −0.0001)	0.049	−0.01 (−0.05–0.03)	ns
GOLD stage	996	−0.01 (−0.02– −0.006)	<0.001	−0.02 (−0.02– −0.01)	<0.001	−0.003 (−0.02–0.009)	ns
PD-FEV₁ mL	996	6.9 (2.5–11.3)	0.002	9.2 (4.1–14.3)	<0.001	−1.3 (−10.2–7.6)	ns
PD-FEV₁ % predicted	996	0.25 (0.10–0.39)	0.001	0.31 (0.15–0.48)	<0.001	0.02 (−0.27–0.30)	ns
LAA%	887	−0.12 (−0.22–−0.01)	0.03	−0.15 (−0.28–−0.02)	0.02	0.02 (−0.17–0.21)	ns
CVD history	996	1.04^§ (1.02–1.07)	<0.001	1.06^§ (1.03–1.08)	<0.001	1.01^§ (0.96–1.05)	ns
Agaston score total	362	7.3 (−5.3–19.9)	ns	2.9 (−11.3–17.2)	ns	22.5 (−3.7–48.6)	ns
Year 1 (MFAP4 measurement)
IL-6 pg·mL⁻¹	860	0.01 (−0.11–013)	ns	−0.02 (−0.18–0.14)	ns	0.10 (−0.04–0.24)	ns
Fibrinogen mg·dL⁻¹	969	−1.3 (−2.3– −0.3)	0.01	−1.4 (−2.5– −0.3)	0.01	−0.7 (−2.8–1.5)	ns
PD-FEV₁ mL	996	5.1 (0.4–9.7)	0.03	7.2 (1.8–12.5)	0.008	−2.5 (−12.0–7.1)	ns
PD-FEV₁ % predicted	996	0.19 (0.04–0.34)	0.02	0.24 (0.07–0.41)	0.006	−0.01 (−0.31–0.30)	ns
PD-FVC mL	996	−0.4 (−7.7–6.9)	ns	0.2 (−8.0–8.6)	ns	−3.8 (−18.9–11.4)	ns
PD-FEV₁/FVC %	996	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	0.001	0.2 (0.1–0.4)	<0.001	−0.02 (−0.2–0.2)	ns
ΔFEV₁ mL year 1−year 0	996	−1.9 (−4.1–0.03)	ns	−2.0 (−4.2–0.3)	ns	−1.7 (−6.8–3.4)	ns
Exacerbations	996	−0.012 (−0.026–0.002)	ns	−0.017 (−0.034– −0.0005)	0.043	0.003 (−0.024–0.030)	ns
PD₁₅ g·L⁻¹		0.4 (0.2–0.6)	0.001	0.5 (0.2–0.8)	<0.001	0.08 (−0.04–0.6)	ns
LAA%	948	−0.15 (−0.25– −0.04)	0.006	−0.19 (−0.32– −0.06)	0.004	0.01 (−0.18–0.20)	ns
ΔLAA% year 1−year 0	887	−0.012 (−0.048–0.024)	ns	−0.021 (−0.065–0.024)	ns	0.017 (−0.047–0.081)	ns
Year 3 (follow-up)
PD-FEV₁ mL	925	5.4 (0.4–10.3)	0.03	7.5 (1.7–13.4)	0.01	−1.3 (−10.8–8.3)	ns
PD-FEV₁ % predicted	925	0.21 (0.05–0.37)	0.01	0.28 (0.09–0.47)	0.004	−0.005 (−0.31–0.30)	ns
ΔFEV₁ mL year 3−year 1	925	1.0 (−1.2–3.3)	ns	1.6 (−0.9–4.1)	ns	−0.5 (−5.3–4.3)	ns
Exacerbations	995	−0.014 (−0.028–0.00003)	ns	−0.015 (−0.03–0.002)	ns	−0.013 (−0.040–0.015)	ns
LAA%	876	−0.17 (−0.30– −0.04)	0.009	−0.19 (−0.3– −0.03)	0.02	−0.09 (−0.31–0.12)	ns
ΔLAA% year 3−year 1	876	6.1×10^–6 (−0.05–0.05)	ns	0.03 (−0.03–0.08)	ns	−0.06 (−0.15–0.02)	ns
Death	996	1.04^§ (1.01–1.08)	0.02	1.04^§ (1.01–1.08)	0.02	0.95^§ (0.74–1.22)	ns

6MWD: 6-min walking distance; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea score; SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score; BODE: body mass index, obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity; PD: post-bronchodilator; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LAA%: percentage of low-attenuation areas; CVD: cardiovascular disease; MFAP4: microfibrillar-associated protein 4; IL: interleukin; FVC: forced vital capacity; Δ: change in; PD15: provocative dose causing a 15% fall in FEV₁; ns: nonsignificant. ^#: n=966; ^¶: n=629; ⁺: n=367; ^§: odds ratio (not β-coefficient).