Figures
- FIGURE 1
Overall incidence rates per 100 000 population of lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria between 1997 and 2016. IRR: incident rate ratio.
- FIGURE 2
Incidence rates of lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria between 1997 and 2016 by species involved: Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium complex. IRR: incident rate ratio.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics of lung infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), overall and in each decade
Total 1st decade# 2nd decade¶ p-value Patients with NTM lung disease 327 257 (78.6%) 70 (21.4%) <0.001 NTM species Mycobacterium kansasii 274 (83.8%) 236 (91.6%) 38 (54.3%) <0.001 Mycobacterium avium complex 43 (13.1%) 15 (5.8%) 28 (40.0%) Others+ 10 (3.1%) 6 (1.8%) 4 (1.2%) Age years mean 56.8±18 54±18.6 61±16.9 0.010 Male 71.2% 75.2% 57.1% 0.003 #: 1997–2006; ¶: 2007–2016; +: Mycobacterium celatum, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium xenopi.
- TABLE 2
Risk factors, clinical and radiological characteristics of lung infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria, overall and in each decade
Total 1st decade# 2nd decade¶ p-value Risk factors HIV 12.2% 13.2% 8.6% 0.200 Smoking 53.6% 60.4% 44.8% 0.003 History of lung disease 56% 53% 60.6% 0.201 COPD 30.1% 34% 23.8% 0.113 Oral corticosteroid use 6.7% 8.2% 4.5% 0.283 Alcohol use 18.3% 20.2% 15.4% 0.285 Liver disease 10.1% 9.5% 11.1% 0.468 Cancer 22.6% 23.8% 20.6% 0.395 Gastroesophageal reflux 9.6% 11.5% 6.6% 0.233 Signs and symptoms Cough/expectoration 73.2% 75.3% 70.3% 0.308 Fever 40.4% 42.5% 37.3% 0.323 Asthenia 38% 36.1% 40.7% 0.354 Weight loss 24.1% 23.8% 24.6% 0.484 Haemoptysis 25.7% 25% 26.7% 0.484 Radiological findings Cavitation 37.9% 41.9% 32.8% 0.165 Bronchiectasis 29.3% 22.6% 38.1% 0.032 Nodules 28.4% 20.2% 39.1% 0.010 Tree-in-bud pattern 25.7% 15.7% 39.3% 0.001 Lung involvement Unilateral 45.7% 49.4% 40.9% 0.547 Upper lung lobes 52.4% 58.8% 43.3% 0.260 Middle lung lobes 15.2% 11.8% 20% 0.260 Lower lung lobes 15.2% 9.4% 6.7% 0.260 Multifocal 22.1% 18.8% 26.7% 0.260 #: 1997–2006; ¶: 2007–2016.
- TABLE 3
Disease course and mortality from lung infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), overall and in each decade
Disease course and mortality Total 1st decade# 2nd decade¶ p-value Microbiological cure 275 (84.1%) 228 (88.7%) 47 (70.1%) <0.0001 Overall mortality 32 (9.8%) 22 (8.5%) 10 (14.3%) 0.153 Deaths due to NTM lung disease 6 (1.8%) 2 (0.8%) 4 (5.7%) 0.057 Deaths due to other causes 26 (79.5%) 20 (7.7%) 6 (8.6%) 0.339 #: 1997–2006; ¶: 2007–2016.
- TABLE 4
Comparison between Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium complex
Total M. kansasii M. avium complex p-value Patients with NTM lung disease 317 274 43 Age years Mean±sd 58.5±17.8 54.9±17.9 63.0±17.3 0.010 Median (IQR) 61 (44–73) 57 (42–69) 68 (47–78) Male patients 296 (70.8%) 204 (75.0%) 65 (60.2%) 0.003 Risk factors HIV 12.3% 11.3% 18.6% 0.136 Smoking 55.1% 63.8% 31.0% <0.0001 History of lung disease 55.8% 53.9% 61.0% 0.276 COPD 32.0% 34.2% 26.2% 0.226 Oral corticosteroid use 6.5% 4.5% 11.9% 0.100 Alcohol use 18.7% 21.9% 9.8% 0.065 Liver disease 10.7% 9.3% 14.6% 0.252 Cancer 22.7% 27.7% 9.5% 0.011 Gastroesophageal reflux 10.2% 10.1% 10.5% 0.577 Signs and symptoms Cough/expectoration 73.6% 70.9% 80.5% 0.166 Fever 42.3% 39.6% 48.8% 0.209 Asthenia 37.6% 34.4% 45.0% 0.168 Weight loss 25.0% 22.8% 30.0% 0.253 Haemoptysis 26.7% 30.2% 17.9% 0.105 Radiology Cavitation 38.2% 48.1% 12.5% <0.0001 Bronchiectasis 29.0% 19.2% 53.8% <0.0001 Nodules 26.6% 22.2% 37.5% 0.053 Tree-in-bud pattern 25.0% 20.6% 35.9% 0.052 Lung involvement# 49.7% 42.7% 67.5% 0.003 Localisation Upper lung lobes 53.4% 57.1% 42.9% 0044 Middle lung lobes 15.0% 10.2% 28.6% 0.044 Lower lung lobes 8.3% 7.1% 11.4% 0044 Multifocal 23.3% 25.5% 17.1% 0.044 Disease course and mortality Microbiological cure 87.3% 89.0% 76.7% 0.029 Overall mortality 9.8% 9.1% 14.0% 0.229 Deaths due to NTM lung disease 1.9% 1.5% 4.7% 0.189 Deaths due to other causes 7.9% 7.7% 9.3% 0.448 NTM: nontuberculous mycobacteria; IQR: interquartile range. #: all unilateral.
