Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flowchart of the study design. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; AECOPD: acute exacerbation of COPD; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; PFT: pulmonary function test; MRC: medical research council dyspnoea scale; ISWT: incremental shuttle walk test; ESWT: endurance shuttle walk test; CAT: COPD assessment test.
- FIGURE 2
Screening, randomisation and study completion. AECOPD: acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; PFT: pulmonary function test. #: excluded (n=547): declined to participate (n=125); death in hospital (n=30); life expectancy <6 months (n=134); other rehabilitation programme (n=126); living in nursing home (n=29); not COPD (n=30); residence outside Gentofte Hospital's admission area (n=73).
- FIGURE 3
Cumulative incidence of hospital readmissions and mortality. Competing risk analysis (Fine and Gray) of hospital readmission with death as competing risk. Adjusted for age, sex, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and COPD Assessment Test. Hazard ratio 0.79 (95% CI 0.47–1.23), p=0.33. Arrows show the start of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).
- FIGURE 4
Mortality. Kaplan–Meier plot showing survival. Log-rank test p=0.59. Arrows show the start of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).
- FIGURE 5
Exercise capacity and quality of life. Functional measures in a) incremental shuttle walk test and b) endurance shuttle walk test, and c) quality of life in COPD Assessment Test at baseline, 2 months and 6 months follow-up. PR: pulmonary rehabilitation. *: p<0.05.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Baseline characteristics
Characteristics Early PR group (n=70) Stable PR group (n=61) Age years 72.7±9.4 74.4±7.8 Male n (%) 29 (41) 25 (41) FEV1 L 1.0±0.4 1.0±0.4 FEV1 % predicted 40.2±15 44.1±17 MRC dyspnoea score 3.4±0.9 3.1±0.8 CAT score 16.8±6.0 14.7±5.3 LTOT n (%) 3 (5) 5 (8) BMI kg·m−2 23.5±4.6 24.2±4.1 Smoking n (%) Current 22 (31) 15 (25) Former 45 (64) 43 (70) Never 3 (4) 3 (5) Exposure pack-years 40.6±16.5 43.5±19.5 GOLD assessment Group C n (%) 4 (6) 5 (8) Group D n (%) 66 (94) 56 (92) ISWT distance m 186±117 188±110 ESWT time s 216±199 263±210 ESWT level 6.0±3.6 6.3±3.6 Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated. PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; MRC: Medical Research Council; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; BMI: body mass index; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ISWT: incremental shuttle walk test; ESWT: endurance shuttle walk test.
- TABLE 2
Physical performance and quality of life
Early PR group change from baseline Stable PR group change from baseline Difference between groups (95% CI) p-value Incremental shuttle walk test m Baseline 193.3±8.8 192.7±9.0 2 months 72.4±9.5*** 38.5±9.5*** 33.9 (4.2–63.7) 0.02 6 months 68.1±10.0*** 50.4±10.0*** 17.7 (−13.3–48.7) 0.26 Endurance shuttle walk test s Baseline 239±42.4 253±44.1 2 months 399±45.5*** 259±45.6*** 140 (−2.0–282.8) 0.05 6 months 332±47.8*** 307±47.6*** 25 (−123.4–171.9) 0.75 COPD Assessment Test score Baseline 15.8±0.5 15.2±0.6 2 months −3.5±0.6** −2.1±0.6** −1.4 (−3.4–0.6) 0.17 6 months −3.6±0.6** −2.2±0.6** −1.4 (−3.5–0.6) 0.18 Data are presented as change from baseline±se unless otherwise stated. PR: pulmonary rehabilitation. **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00173-2019.SUPPLEMENT
