Figures
- FIGURE 1
Mechanical ventilation during lung surgery divided into mechanical ventilation in nonsmall cell-lung cancer patients (MV-NSCLC) and mechanical ventilation in control patients (MV-C). The third group is non-intubated, normal breathing (NB) patients.
- FIGURE 2
A timeline of the experiment. Measurements were started when the patients were in the correct position and on one-lung ventilation (OLV). The measurements stopped at the end of surgery when the patients were still on OLV. For nine patients, surgery allowed a period of 5 mins for measurements to be made when changing directly from OLV to double-lung ventilation (DLV) before ending the surgery. PeXA: particles in exhaled air.
- FIGURE 3
The respiratory circuit. The yellow arrow shows the balloon representing the patient and the black arrow, the non-rebreathing valve. The red arrows shows the direction of airflow from the mechanical ventilator to the balloon representing the patient and further on to the particles in exhaled air (PExA) device. The blue arrows show the direction of airflow from the PExA device back to the ventilator.
- FIGURE 4
a) Particle flow rate exhaled per minute in mechanical ventilation in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients (MV-NSCLC), mechanical ventilation in control patients (MV-C) and normal breathing patients (NB). b) Exhaled average particle mass in ng in MV-NSCLC, MV-C and NB. ns: nonsignificant. *: p<0.05; ***: p<0.001.
- FIGURE 5
a) Weight per cent protein (wt. %) of total PEx sample for phospholipids di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DPPC) comparing nonsmall cell lung cancer patients on mechanical ventilation (MV-NSCLC), control patients on mechanical ventilation (MV-C) and non-intubated normal breathing patients (NB). b) wt. % of total PEx sample for palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphocholine (POPC) comparing MV-NSCLC, MV-C and NB. c) Ratio of DPPC/POPC between MV-NSCLC, MV-C and NB. d) wt. % of total PEx sample for surfactant A (SP-A) comparing MV-NSCLC and NB patients. e) wt. % of total PEx sample for albumin comparing MV-NSCLC and NB. f) The albumin/SP-A ratio between MV-NSCLC and NB. ns: nonsignificant. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01.
- FIGURE 6
a) Particle flow rate exhaled per minute measured for 5 mins of one-lung ventilation (OLV) before opening up the other lung and followed by measurements for 5 min of double-lung ventilation (DLV). b) Exhaled average particle mass in ng measured for 5 min of OLV followed by measurements for 5 min of DLV. ns: nonsignificant. ***: p<0.001.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Demographics for the three different groups
MV-NSCLC MV-C NB Age years 68±2 60±5 71±3 Females 9 (50) 5 (56) 2 (33) BMI kg·m−2 27±1.5 27±2.4 27±2.4 Smoking 14 (78) 3 (33) 4 (67) COPD 2 (11) 0 2 (33) VT L 3.42±0.18 3.86±0.25 3.20±0.37 VT % 85±5 84±3 79±8 FEV1 L 2.45±0.16 2.15±0.18 2.18±0.27 FEV1 % 86±5 74±4 74±8 DLCO % 84±4 80±6 72±5 Data are presented as mean±sem or n (%). MV-NSCLC: mechanical ventilation in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients; MV-C: mechanical ventilation in control patients; NB: normal breathing patients; BMI: body mass index; VT: tidal volume; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.
- TABLE 2
Haemodynamics during mechanical ventilation in nonsmall cell lung cancer (MV-NSCLC) and mechanical ventilation in the control group (MV-C)
Parameters MV-NSCLC MV-C Start Stop p-value Start Stop p-value BP systolic mmHg 106±3 104±2 0.65 102±5 104±2 0.87 BP diastolic mmHg 59±2 57±1 0.24 59±3 59±2 0.98 MAP mmHg 76±2 73±1 0.23 75±3 76±3 0.78 Pulse 76±3 71±4 0.41 78±4 74±4 0.41 EtCO2 kPa 5.1±0.1 4.7±0.1 0.11 5.3±0.2 4.8±0.2 0.14 Saturation % 99±1 99±1 0.15 99±1 99±1 0.1 Respiration frequency 15±1 16±1 0.61 16±1 17±1 0.84 VT inspiration mL 453±15 470±13 0.43 437±27 418±27 0.65 VT expiration mL 440±14 453±15 0.56 420±26 404±32 0.72 Peak pressure cmH2O 15±1 19±1 0.01 15±1 17±1 0.32 Air leakage mL 13±2 21±1 0.31 16±4 14±7 0.79 Data are presented as mean±sem, unless otherwise stated. BP: blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; EtCO2: end tidal carbon dioxide; VT: tidal volume.
