Age in years | 806 | 0.025 (0.02–0.03) | <0.001 |
Sex (ref.: male) | | | <0.001 |
Female | 485/806 | 0.27 (0.13–0.41) |
Education level (ref.: >12 years) | | | <0.001 |
≤12 years | 496/806 | 0.33 (0.19–0.47) |
BMI category (ref.: normal weight) | | | |
Underweight | 15/784 | 0.21 (−0.31–0.72) | 0.427 |
Overweight | 285/784 | 0.02 (−0.13–0.17) | 0.768 |
Obese | 65/784 | 0.33 (0.06–0.59) | 0.014 |
Smoking status (ref.: never) | | | |
Former | 222/805 | −0.12 (−0.29–0.06) | 0.189 |
Current | 281/805 | −0.01 (−0.17–0.16) | 0.943 |
Airflow limitation¶ (ref.: stage 0) | | | |
Stage 1 | 43/806 | 0.13 (−0.18–0.44) | 0.400 |
Stage 2 | 56/806 | 0.21 (−0.06–0.48) | 0.130 |
Stage 3+4 | 17/806 | 0.57 (0.08–1.05) | 0.021 |
Doctor-diagnosed asthma (ref.: no) | | | |
Yes | 97/806 | 0.13 (−0.09–0.34) | 0.242 |
FEV1 % predicted | 806 | −0.005 (−0.008– −0.001) | 0.011 |
FVC % predicted | 806 | −0.003 (−0.007–0.001) | 0.116 |
FEV1/FVC ratio | 806 | −0.012 (−0.019– −0.005) | 0.001 |
FEF25–75% % predicted | 806 | −0.002(−0.004−0.0003) | 0.022 |
Smoking history pack-years | | | |
All | 805 | 0.003 (0.0002–0.006) | 0.032 |
Only smokers | 503 | 0.007 (0.003–0.10) | 0.001 |
Chlamydophila pneumoniae serology in z-scores | 806 | 0.17 (0.10–0.24) | <0.001 |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology in z-scores | 806 | 0.31 (0.24–0.38) | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein in z-scores | 806 | 0.14 (0.07–0.21) | <0.001 |