Subjects n | 480 | 170 | 310 | |
Age years | 64.2±11.3 | 62.1±12.3 | 65.3±10.6 | 0.004 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 27.0±7.7 | 28.0±9.1 | 26.4±6.8 | 0.045 |
Living arrangement | | | | <0.001 |
Alone | 162 (33.7) | 86 (50.6) | 76 (24.5) | |
Smoking status | | | | <0.001 |
Smoker | 84 (17.5) | 33 (19.4) | 51 (16.5) | |
Nonsmoker | 66 (13.7) | 42 (24.7) | 24 (7.7) | |
Ex-smoker | 330 (68.8) | 95 (55.9) | 235 (75.8) | |
Pack-years | 45 (30, 65) | 40 (24, 60) | 45 (34, 70) | <0.001 |
Pulmonary function tests | | | | |
FEV1 % pred | 36.0 (26, 48) | 37.0 (28, 48) | 35.0 (25, 45) | 0.088 |
FVC % pred | 61.0 (49.5, 75) | 64.0 (52; 80) | 60.0 (48, 73) | 0.018 |
GOLD stages | | | | 0.26 |
1 | 4 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (0.8) | |
2 | 81 (19.7) | 29 (19.7) | 52 (19.7) | |
3 | 186 (45.3) | 73 (49.7) | 113 (42.8) | |
4 | 140 (34.1) | 43 (29.3) | 97 (36.7) | |
LTOT | 319 (66.5) | 110 (64.7) | 209 (67.4) | 0.55 |
NIV | 163 (34.0) | 55 (32.4) | 108 (34.8) | 0.58 |
CPAP | 41 (8.5) | 11 (6.5) | 30 (9.7) | 0.23 |
EPICES score/100 | 38.5±18.8 | 41.6±20.3 | 36.7±17.7 | 0.011 |
Classified as socioeconomically deprived | 288 (60) | 113 (66.5) | 175 (56.4) | 0.031 |
Presence of coronary artery disease or peripheral vascular disease | 127 (26.5) | 27 (15.9) | 100 (32.3) | <0.001 |