Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flowchart depicting patient inclusion. CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CAD: coronary artery disease; ICA: invasive coronary angiography; MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
- FIGURE 2
Pretest probabilities according to modified Diamond–Forrester (ESC 2019) for control and COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1 to 4. ns: not significant.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Study population
Control COPD p-value Subjects n 302 302 Female 98 (32.5) 85 (28.2) 0.29 Age years 66.2±8.2 66.3±8.2 0.99 BMI 27.7±4.4 26.7±6.0 0.29 Arterial hypertension 239 (79.1) 231 (76.5) 0.49 Dyslipidaemia 185 (61.3) 185 (61.3) 1.00 Diabetes 50 (16.6) 51 (16.9) 1.00 Smoking 258 (85.4) 259 (85.8) 1.00 Family history of CAD 45 (14.9) 45 (14.9) 1.00 PAD 22 (7.3) 14 (4.6) 0.22 CKD (≥3b) 4 (1.3) 6 (2.0) 0.75 ASS 180 (59.6) 198 (65.6) 0.19 Statin 150 (49.7) 139 (46.0) 0.33 Ezetimibe 6 (2.0) 6 (2.0) 1.00 β-blocker 89 (29.5) 93 (30.8) 0.81 ACE inhibitor 76 (25.2) 97 (32.1) 0.07 AT2 channel blocker 71 (23.5) 59 (19.5) 0.20 Calcium channel blocker 46 (15.2) 44 (14.6) 0.82 Diuretic 82 (27.2) 98 (32.5) 0.18 COPD (GOLD) 1 34 (11.3) COPD (GOLD) 2 120 (39.7) COPD (GOLD) 3 98 (32.5) COPD (GOLD) 4 50 (16.6) Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; PAD: peripheral artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ASS: aspirin salicylic acid; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
- TABLE 2
Symptoms and outcome
Control COPD p-value Subjects n 302 302 Typical chest pain 115 (38.1) 76 (25.2) 0.0009 Atypical chest pain 43 (14.2) 78 (25.8) 0.0005 Non-anginal chest pain 63 (20.9) 93 (30.8) 0.0069 Dyspnoea only 81 (26.8) 55 (18.2) 0.015 CCS 0 81 (26.8) 55 (18.2) 0.015 1 56 (18.5) 9 (3.0) <0.0001 2 70 (23.2) 67 (22.2) 0.85 3 34 (11.3) 81 (26.8) <0.0001 4 61 (20.2) 90 (29.8) 0.0084 NYHA 1 129 (42.7) 60 (19.9) <0.0001 2 139 (46.0) 93 (30.8) 0.0002 3 28 (9.3) 121 (40.1) <0.0001 4 6 (2.0) 28 (9.3) <0.0001 Delay between symptoms and ICA months 8.3±12.7 19.9±22.0 <0.0001 ICA Negative (no stenosis) 128 (42.4) 139 (46.0) 0.41 <50% stenosis 14 (4.6) 24 (8.0) 0.13 50–70% stenosis 36 (11.9) 50 (16.6) 0.13 >70% stenosis 113 (37.4) 79 (26.2) 0.0039 100% stenosis 11 (3.6) 10 (3.3) 1.00 Revascularisation (PCI, CABG) 118 (39.1) 94 (31.1) 0.050 Follow-up months 38.4±39.5 38.4±39.0 0.94 MACE 4 (1.3) 18 (6.0) 0.004 Cardiovascular death 2 (0.7) 11 (3.6) 0.02 All-cause death 6 (2.0) 16 (5.3) 0.05 Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading scale; NYHA: New York Heart Association grading scale; ICA: invasive coronary angiography; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events. Bold text indicates statistical significance.
