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Feasibility of three-dimensional facial imaging and printing for producing customised nasal masks for continuous positive airway pressure

Kelvin Duong, Joel Glover, Alexander C. Perry, Deborah Olmstead, Mark Ungrin, Pina Colarusso, Joanna E. MacLean, Andrew R. Martin
ERJ Open Research 2021 7: 00632-2020; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00632-2020
Kelvin Duong
1Dept of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Joel Glover
2Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Alexander C. Perry
3Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Deborah Olmstead
4Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
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Mark Ungrin
5Dept of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Pina Colarusso
2Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Joanna E. MacLean
6Dept of Pediatrics and Women & Children's Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
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Andrew R. Martin
1Dept of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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  • For correspondence: andrew.martin@ualberta.ca
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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Schematic of experimental apparatus. CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure.

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    Final customised mask. a) Portion of mask labelled “coupler” (front) interfaces with the headgear and hosing that conducts positive pressure from the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. The “cushion” (back) contacts the subject's face. b) Demonstration of the coupler attached to the headgear and hosing of the Wisp CPAP system. c) Customised mask worn in situ.

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    a) Top-down view of all six customised cushions; b) front view of all six customised cushions.

  • FIGURE 4
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    FIGURE 4

    a) Assembled mould box components with one component removed for visualisation. Outer mould shown in magenta, inner mould shown in black. b) Demonstration of custom cushion created after injection of cavity with silicone (white).

  • FIGURE 5
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    FIGURE 5

    Mask air leak for each subject's preferred commercial continuous positive airway pressure mask and their customised counterparts at an appropriate fit (350 g). SLPM: standard litres per minute.

Tables

  • Figures
  • TABLE 1

    Average mask air leak for varying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask, CPAP level and mask tightness

    Mask air leak SLPM
    CPAP level cmH2O
    4812
    Petite
     100 g27±1348±1560±22
     350 g9±517±927±15
     600 g2±25±28±4
    Small/medium
     100 g17±1937±2344±19
     350 g3±17±413±9
     600 g1.1±0.51.3±0.53±2
    Large
     100 g19±1428±1629±5
     350 g5±616±1618±10
     600 g3±39±713±11
    Custom
     100 g9±228±1145±20
     350 g5±211±318±4
     600 g5±38±411±2

    Data are presented as mean±sd. n=6. SLPM: standard litres per minute.

    • TABLE 2

      Differences in air leak between masks for varying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) level and mask tightness

      CPAP level cmH2O
      4812
       100 gNo differencesNo differencesP>L
       350 gNo differencesNo differencesP>SM
       600 gC>PP, C>SMP, C>SM

      P: petite; L: large; SM: small/medium; C: custom. Mask pairings were observed to have significantly different mask air leaks when p<0.05 in post hoc analysis.

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      Feasibility of three-dimensional facial imaging and printing for producing customised nasal masks for continuous positive airway pressure
      Kelvin Duong, Joel Glover, Alexander C. Perry, Deborah Olmstead, Mark Ungrin, Pina Colarusso, Joanna E. MacLean, Andrew R. Martin
      ERJ Open Research Jan 2021, 7 (1) 00632-2020; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00632-2020

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      Feasibility of three-dimensional facial imaging and printing for producing customised nasal masks for continuous positive airway pressure
      Kelvin Duong, Joel Glover, Alexander C. Perry, Deborah Olmstead, Mark Ungrin, Pina Colarusso, Joanna E. MacLean, Andrew R. Martin
      ERJ Open Research Jan 2021, 7 (1) 00632-2020; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00632-2020
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