Figures
- FIGURE 1
Consort diagram of patient participation in the study. ED: emergency department.
- FIGURE 2
a) Aspiration was associated with severe episodes of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Left panel: severe AECOPD events were more frequent in patients with aspiration (ratio 0.87; n=30) than if no aspiration (ratio 0.39; n=121). Right panel: number (%) of patients with at least one severe episode was greater in patients with aspiration (50%) than if no aspiration (18%). (-): aspiration not detected; (+): aspiration detected. b) Kaplan–Meier analysis of patients with no aspiration (open diamonds) and aspiration (closed diamonds) who were exacerbation-free over 12 months of follow-up. Difference between groups analysed using log-rank testing.
- FIGURE 3
Subgroup analyses of history and types of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) associated with aspiration or no aspiration. Prior: 12 months prior to study; Current: 12 months of current study.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Baseline characteristics of 151 patients enrolled in studies of aspiration in COPD
Aspiration not detected Aspiration# detected Subjects n 121 30 Age years (range) 70.2±5.1 (60.1–80.6) 72.4±4.3¶ (65.7–78.8) Male/female 74/47 18/12 Body mass index kg·m−2 29.4±5.8 27.7±6.4 FEV1 % predicted 49.2±15.3 45.3±15.3 FEV1/FVC ratio % 53.1±13.9 51.0±11.1 TLC % predicted 129.2±22.0 129.0±20.5 RV/TLC % 58.4±8.8 60.5±8.2 FENO ppb 24.5±23.8 22.4±22.1 SpO2 % 95.3±1.8 94.7±2.8 Respiratory rate breaths·min−1 17.9±4.0 18.7±4.7 Comorbidities Cardiovascular disease 99 (82) 28 (93) Chronic kidney disease 7 (6) 1 (3) Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 72 (60) 17 (57) Obstructive sleep apnoea 20 (17) 3 (10) Diabetes 18 (15) 7 (23) Anxiety–depression 27 (22) 8 (27) Medication ICS/LABA only 15 (12) 2 (7) ICS/LABA/LAMA 94 (78) 27 (90) Systemic corticosteroids (long term) 36 (30) 12 (40) Antibiotics (long term) 28 (23) 7 (23) Oxygen therapy 21 (17) 7 (23) Influenza vaccination 41 (34) 11 (37) Pneumococcal vaccination 11 (9) 4 (13) Antihypertensives 96 (79) 26 (87) Antianxiety/antidepressant 47 (39) 13 (43) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 26 (22) 7 (23) Reflux medications 79 (65) 17 (57) AQ20 score 9.6±4.2 10.9±3.9 AQ20 score >8 79 (65) 23 (77) EAT-10 score 2.3±3.9 2.9±4.6 OHAT score 2.2±2.1 3.1±2.7 Resting saliva pH 6.5±0.5 6.4±0.7 Data are presented as mean±sd or n (%), unless otherwise indicated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume; FENO: exhaled nitric oxide fraction; SpO2: oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; LABA: long-acting beta agonists; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; AQ20: Airways Questionnaire-20; EAT-10: Eating Assessment Tool; OHAT: Oral Health Assessment Tool. #: aspiration score of 6–8 on the penetration–aspiration scale [2]; ¶: p≤0.02.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00735-2020.SUPPLEMENT
