Total study population |
Pneumonia | 545 (7) | 2357 (32) | 1932 (26) | 1250 (17) | 654 (9) | 711 (10) |
Demographics |
Age years | 75 (62–85) | 72 (58–84) | 70 (57–80) | 67 (56–77) | 62 (52–73) | 58 (47–67) |
Male sex | 213 (39) | 1199 (51) | 1004 (52) | 566 (45) | 255 (39) | 206 (29) |
Race | | | | | | |
Black | 107 (20) | 374 (16) | 326 (17) | 277 (22) | 161 (25) | 230 (32) |
White | 434 (80) | 1940 (82) | 1574 (82) | 965 (77) | 482 (74) | 477 (67) |
Other | 4 (1) | 43 (2) | 32 (2) | 8 (1) | 11 (2) | 4 (1) |
Social and medical history | |
Smoking history | | | | | | |
Current smoker | 198 (36) | 774 (33) | 584 (30) | 390 (31) | 201 (31) | 196 (28) |
History of smoking | 182 (33) | 867 (37) | 759 (39) | 468 (37) | 245 (38) | 239 (34) |
Non-smoking history | 165 (30) | 716 (30) | 589 (31) | 392 (31) | 208 (32) | 276 (39) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 318 (58) | 1068 (45) | 857 (44) | 574 (46) | 311 (48) | 347 (49) |
Renal disease | 114 (21) | 699 (30) | 564 (29) | 396 (32) | 194 (30) | 218 (31) |
Congestive heart failure | 125 (23) | 594 (25) | 540 (28) | 408 (33) | 208 (32) | 249 (35) |
Neoplastic disease | 105 (19) | 390 (17) | 242 (13) | 130 (10) | 67 (10) | 56 (8) |
Nursing home resident | 98 (18) | 385 (16) | 248 (13) | 125 (10) | 58 (9) | 73 (10) |
Stroke | 67 (12) | 312 (13) | 277 (14) | 153 (12) | 72 (11) | 75 (11) |
Liver disease | 33 (6) | 188 (8) | 126 (7) | 87 (7) | 49 (8) | 45 (6) |
Physical exam findings | |
Heart rate beats·min−1 | 109 (93–122) | 106 (92–120) | 105 (91–119) | 105 (90–119) | 105 (93–117) | 104 (90–118) |
Respiratory rate breaths·min−1 | 22 (20–28) | 22 (20–27) | 22 (20–27) | 22 (20–27) | 22 (20–26) | 23 (20–27) |
Systolic blood pressure mmHg | 110 (95–132) | 112 (96–130) | 115 (99–133) | 119 (102–138) | 120 (105–141) | 122 (105–141) |
Temperature °F | 98.8 (98.2–99.7) | 98.9 (98.2–100.2) | 99.0 (98.2–100.6) | 99.0 (98.4–100.4) | 99.0 (98.4–100.2) | 99.0 (98.3–100.0) |
Temperature °C | 37.1 (36.8–37.6) | 37.2 (36.8–37.9) | 37.2 (36.8–38.1) | 37.2 (36.9–38.0) | 37.2 (36.9–37.9) | 37.2 (36.8-37.8) |
Haematocrit % | 34 (30–39) | 35 (31–39) | 36 (32–40) | 36 (32–40) | 37 (33–41) | 37 (33–40) |
Serum sodium mEq·L−1 | 136 (133–140) | 137 (134–140) | 137 (134–140) | 137 (134–140) | 137 (135–140) | 138 (135–140) |
Blood urea nitrogen mg·dL−1 | 19 (13–30) | 20 (14–31) | 19.5 (14–29) | 19 (13–28) | 18 (13–28) | 17 (12–28) |
Serum glucose mg·dL−1 | 130 (107–168) | 134 (110–177) | 142 (114–193) | 153 (119–211) | 156 (119–227) | 159 (121–237) |
Severity of disease | |
Pneumonia severity index risk class IV/V | 379 (70) | 1578 (67) | 1193 (62) | 710 (57) | 333 (51) | 323 (45) |
Altered mental status | 125 (23) | 500 (21) | 380 (20) | 190 (15) | 111 (17) | 101 (14) |
Pleural effusion | 187 (34) | 849 (36) | 624 (32) | 383 (31) | 180 (28) | 184 (26) |
Need for intensive care | 86 (16) | 420 (18) | 314 (16) | 211 (17) | 104 (16) | 140 (20) |
Need for vasopressors | 14 (3) | 71 (3) | 61 (3) | 34 (3) | 12 (2) | 21 (3) |
Need for ventilatory support | 69 (13) | 282 (12) | 232 (12) | 170 (14) | 97 (15) | 137 (19) |