Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics of severe asthma patients according to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status, disease severity and confirmed COVID-19
Characteristic Subjects COVID-19 status COVID-19 disease severity Confirmed COVID-19 No COVID-19 Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 p-value Nonhospitalised Hospitalised p-value Confirmed COVID-19 p-value# Subjects 1268 97 84 13 19 Age years 1365 52.8±15.5 51.2±13.8 0.313 50.5±13.8 55.6±13.7 0.215 49.8±13.7 0.404 Male sex 1365 453 (35.7%) 43 (44.3%) 0.089 39 (46.4%) 4 (30.8%) 0.290 5 (26.3%) 0.395 BMI kg·m−2 1166 31.0±7.2 31.3±6.1 0.704 31.3±6.3 31.3±4.9 0.967 30.6±6.3 0.849 Smoking status 1322 − − 0.584 − − 0.739 − 0.522 Never-smoker 1322 838 (68.4%) 69 (71.9%) − 59 (71.1%) 10 (76.9%) − 15 (78.9%) − Ex-smoker 1322 337 (27.5%) 22 (22.9%) − 20 (24.1%) 2 (15.4%) − 3 (15.8%) − Current smoker 1322 51 (4.2%) 5 (5.2%) − 4 (4.8%) 1 (7.7%) − 1 (5.3%) − Non-Caucasian ethnicity 1345 150 (12.0%) 18 (18.8%) 0.054 15 (17.9%) 3 (25.0%) 0.553 3 (16.7%) 0.547 Resident in London area 1365 306 (24.1%) 44 (45.4%) <0.001 39 (46.4%) 5 (38.5%) 0.591 11 (57.9%) <0.001 Resident outside London area (rest of UK) 1365 962 (75.9%) 53 (54.5%) − 45 (53.6%) 8 (61.8%) − 8 (42.1%) − Atopic disease 1236 662 (57.8%) 58 (64.4%) 0.216 48 (62.3%) 10 (76.9%) 0.310 11 (57.9%) 0.991 Depression or anxiety 1365 126 (9.9%) 9 (9.3%) 0.834 9 (10.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.215 0 (0.0%) 0.148 Clinic FEV1¶ % predicted 1113 68.1 (52.9–82.6) 67.9 (59.9–83.4) 0.343 67.9 (59.9–82.8) 73.7 (60.1–84.8) 0.555 80.8 (60.7–86.2) 0.141 Clinic FVC¶ % predicted 1081 83.6 (71.8–95.4) 82.8 (71.3–92.6) 0.779 83.1 (71.3–91.7) 81.2 (68.9–92.6) 0.814 87.3 (76.7–93.9) 0.558 Asthma medication and control ICS dose¶ BDP equivalent µg 1174 2000 (1600–2000) 2000 (1600–2000) 0.433 2000 (1600–2000) 1000 (800–1600) 0.002 1600 (1000–2000) 0.106 Maintenance OCS 1363 481 (38.0%) 34 (35.4%) 0.620 30 (35.7%) 4 (33.3%) 0.872 9 (47.4%) 0.402 Maintenance macrolides 1200 153 (13.8%) 9 (10.2%) 0.351 7 (9.9%) 2 (16.7%) 0.428 3 (16.7%) 0.723 Theophylline 1237 294 (25.7%) 12 (13.2%) 0.008 10 (12.8%) 2 (15.4%) 0.800 3 (15.8%) 0.328 Evidence of poor adherence 1190 248 (22.5%) 25 (29.1%) 0.160 18 (24.7%) 7 (53.8%) 0.033 6 (31.6%) 0.346 On asthma biologic 1361 853 (67.5%) 65 (67.0%) 0.924 57 (67.9%) 8 (61.5%) 0.652 13 (68.4%) 0.931 Biologic type 917 − − 0.349 − − 0.986 − 0.841 Anti-IL-5+ 917 680 (79.7%) 55 (85.9%) − 49 (86.0%) 6 (85.7%) − 11 (84.6%) − Anti-IgE 917 157 (18.4%) 9 (14.1%) − 8 (14.0%) 1 (14.3%) − 2 (15.4%) − Anti-IL-4/13 917 16(1.9%) 0 (0%) − 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0) − 0 (0.0%) − Comorbidities Cardiac disease 1299 64 (5.3%) 6 (6.3%) 0.678 5 (6.1%) 1 (7.7%) 0.826 1 (5.3%) 0.992 Diabetes 1365 78 (6.2%) 5 (5.2%) 0.692 5 (6.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.366 1 (5.3%) 0.873 Hypertension 1365 121 (9.5%) 9 (9.3%) 0.932 7 (8.3%) 2 (15.4%) 0.415 2 (10.5%) 0.885 Malignancy 1365 13 (1.0%) 1 (1.0%) 0.996 1 (1.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0.693 0 (0.0%) 0.657 Associated COPD 1365 38 (3.0%) 5 (5.2%) 0.241 4 (4.8%) 1 (7.7%) 0.657 1 (5.3%) 0.567 Shielding and asthma control during lockdown Advised to shield 1363 1182 (93.2%) 86 (90.5%) 0.320 76 (90.5%) 10 (90.9%) 0.963 16 (88.9%) 0.470 Followed shielding advice 1268 1058 (89.5%) 73 (84.9%) 0.182 64 (84.2%) 9 (90.0%) 0.631 13 (81.3%) 0.286 Shielding affected mental health 1237 544 (47.1%) 38 (46.9%) 0.980 33 (46.5%) 5 (50.0%) 0.835 8 (53.3%) 0.629 Contracted COVID-19 before shielding advice 76 0 (0.0%) 44 (57.9%) − 40 (60.6%) 4 (40.0%) 0.219 8 (53.3%) − Non-shielding household 1338 715 (57.3%) 50 (54.9%) 0.656 41 (51.2%) 9 (81.8%) 0.056 14 (77.8%) 0.081 Specialist asthma attendance 1359 432 (34.2%) 31 (32.6%) 0.759 27 (32.1%) 4 (36.4%) 0.779 4 (22.2%) 0.288 Asthma control worse during lockdown 1358 463 (36.7%) 50 (52.6%) 0.002 41 (48.8%) 9 (81.8%) 0.039 11 (61.1%) 0.033 Acute OCS course during lockdown 1363 433 (34.2%) 48 (50.0%) 0.002 40 (47.6%) 8 (66.7%) 0.217 13 (68.4%) 0.002 Hospital admission with COVID-19 Admitted to hospital for COVID-19 97 0 (0.0%) 13 (1.4%) − 0 (0.0%) 13 (100%) <0.001 11 (57.9%) − Oxygen therapy 12 0 (0.0%) 7 (7.2%) − 0 (0.0%) 7 (58.3%) − 7 (36.8%) − ITU admission for COVID-19 12 0 (0.0%) 2 (2.1%) − 0 (0.0%) 2 (15.4%) − 1 (5.2%) − Chest radiograph suggestive of COVID-19 8 0 (0.0%) 7 (87.5%) − 0 (0.0%) 7 (87.5%) − 7 (87.5%) − Days in hospital¶ 9 − 11 (5, 22) − − 11 (5,22) − 11 (5,22) − Data are presented as n, mean±sd, n (%) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; BDP: budesonide dipropionate; OCS: oral corticosteroids; IL: interleukin; ITU: intensive therapy unit; −: no data to present. #: for confirmed COVID-19 versus no COVID-19; ¶: data collected at registry entry; +: mepolizumab, benralizumab and reslizumab. Bold indicates statistical significance.
Vol 7 Issue 1
Table of Contents
The impact of the first COVID-19 surge on severe asthma patients in the UK. Which is worse: the virus or the lockdown?
