Figures
- FIGURE 1
Prevalence of chronic cough based on age, sex and smoking status at baseline.
- FIGURE 2
The associations of symptoms, lung function, airflow obstruction and airways diseases on the prevalence of chronic cough at baseline. Data are presented as mean (95% CI). FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; CAO: chronic airflow obstruction; LLN: lower limit of normal; SOB: shortness of breath.
- FIGURE 3
Adjusted (age, sex, smoking) incidence rates of chronic cough for respiratory symptoms, airways diseases, lung function and airflow obstruction. Data are presented as mean (95% CI). FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; CAO: chronic airflow obstruction; LLN: lower limit of normal; SOB: shortness of breath.
- FIGURE 4
Adjusted (age, sex, smoking) incidence rates of chronic cough in the presence of other medical comorbidities. Data are presented as mean (95% CI). AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CHF: congestive heart failure; GI: gastrointestinal.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Demographics of chronic cough at baseline#
No chronic cough Chronic cough Subjects 25 233 4739 Age years 59.2±0.04 61.5±0.18 Sex Male 12 184 84.8±0.37 2526 15.2±0.37 Female 13 049 87.3±0.31 2213 12.7±0.31 BMI kg·m−2 25 139 27.7±0.04 4701 28.6±0.11 Underweight <20 171 80.4±3.24 42 19.6±3.24 Normal 20–25 7644 88.0±0.41 1190 12.0±0.41 Overweight 25–30 10 221 86.7±0.37 1815 13.3±0.37 Obese >30 7103 83.0±0.49 1654 17.0±0.49 Smoking status Never 13 729 89.1±0.30 1953 10.9±0.30 Former 9755 86.5±0.38 1803 13.5±0.38 Current 1605 65.8±1.17 953 34.2±1.17 Smoking packs per year 24 952 6.7±0.10 4680 13.2±0.35 Provinces Alberta 2445 85.7±0.76 493 14.3±0.76 British Columbia 5147 84.2±0.51 1075 15.8±0.51 Manitoba 2548 82.9±0.75 552 17.1±0.75 Newfoundland and Labrador 1880 86.0±0.80 331 14.0±0.80 Nova Scotia 2547 84.7±0.70 511 15.3±0.70 Ontario 5320 84.2±0.49 1087 15.8±0.49 Quebec 5346 89.6±0.42 690 10.4±0.42 Ethnicity White only 22 948 86.0±0.25 4359 14.0±0.25 Black only 186 94.5±1.58 17 5.5±1.58 Asian (East and West) 355 91.7±1.87 31 8.3±1.87 South Asian 245 92.0±1.84 25 8.0±1.84 Arab 79 93.0±3.15 8 7.0±3.15 Others 1213 83.2±1.22 254 16.8±1.22 Country of birth Canada 20 579 85.5±0.27 3980 14.5±0.27 USA 568 86.4±1.48 116 13.6±1.48 South, Central America and Caribbean 378 92.0±1.49 41 8.0±1.49 Europe/Oceania 2846 86.6±0.69 522 13.4±0.69 Africa 257 92.3±1.71 27 7.7±1.71 Asia 601 93.2±1.22 52 6.8±1.22 Data are presented as n, mean±se or %±se. BMI: body mass index. #: n=29 972.
- TABLE 2
Incidence of chronic cough at follow-up 1 based on age, sex, smoking status and body mass index (BMI) (unadjusted and adjusted)
Incidence rate per 100 person-years Unadjusted Adjusted with age, sex and smoking Age years 45–54 2.60 (2.33–2.86) 3.58 (3.20–3.96) 55–64 3.55 (3.28–3.82) 4.54 (4.17–4.92) 65–74 4.20 (3.86–4.54) 5.32 (4.89–5.75) 75–85 4.50 (4.05–4.95) 5.70 (5.17–6.23) Sex Male 3.61 (3.37–3.85) 5.09 (4.72–5.45) Female 3.06 (2.85–3.27) 4.48 (4.13–4.83) Smoking Nonsmoker 2.86 (2.66–3.06) 3.37 (3.15–3.58) Former 3.50 (3.25–3.76) 3.80 (3.53–4.06) Current 6.53 (5.65–7.42) 7.20 (6.31–8.08) BMI Underweight 5.03 (1.83–8.23) 5.99 (5.97–6.01) Normal 2.53 (2.29–2.77) 4.09 (4.07–4.11) Overweight 3.41 (3.16–3.67) 4.80 (4.78–4.82) Obese 4.14 (3.81–4.47) 5.60 (5.55–5.65) Data are presented as mean (95% CI).
