Tables
- TABLE 1
Anxiety disorders among adolescents with and without asthma in Uganda#
Asthma cases Non-asthma controls Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR¶ (95% CI) Adjusted OR+ (95% CI) p-value Subjects 73 89 Any of three anxiety disorders No (109) 39 (53.4) 70 (78.6) 1 1 1 Yes (53) 34 (46.6) 19 (21.4) 3.21 (1.62–6.37) 3.05 (1.50–6.21) 2.68 (1.30–5.53) 0.007 Generalised anxiety disorder No (141) 57 (78.1) 84 (94.4) 1 1 1 Yes (21) 16 (21.9) 5 (5.6) 4.71 (1.63–13.60) 5.16 (1.71–15.55) 4.49 (1.48–13.56) 0.008 Panic disorder No (130) 49 (67.1) 81 (91.0) 1 1 1 Yes (32) 24 (32.9) 8 (9.0) 4.96 (2.07–11.90) 5.92 (2.31–15.19) 5.43 (2.11–14.02) <0.0001 Social anxiety disorder No (131) 55 (75.3) 76 (85.4) 1 1 1 Yes (31) 18 (24.7) 13 (14.6) 1.91 (0.86–4.23) 1.68 (0.74–3.84) 1.46 (0.63–3.37) 0.38 Data are presented as n or n (%), unless otherwise stated. #: n=162; ¶: adjusted for child's age, sex and father's highest education level attained; +: adjusted for child's age, sex, father's highest education level attained and child's residence at birth.
- TABLE 2
Anxiety disorders and asthma control among adolescents with asthma in Uganda#
ACT scores¶ Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis+ Mean±sd p-value Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) p-value Any of three anxiety disorders No (38) 21.24±5.17 Reference Yes (34) 18.26±4.93 0.01 −2.66 (−5.01– −0.30)§ 0.03 Generalised anxiety disorder No (56) 20.48±5.40 Reference Yes (16) 17.56±3.98 0.05 −2.34 (−5.20–0.52) 0.11 Panic disorder No (48) 20.77±5.47 Reference Yes (24) 17.96±4.26 0.03 −2.06 (−4.70–0.58) 0.12 Social anxiety disorder No (54) 20.24±5.02 Reference Yes (18) 18.61±5.84 0.26 −1.39 (−4.21–1.43) 0.33 Data are presented as n, unless otherwise stated. ACT: Asthma Control Test. #: n=72; ¶: based on the childhood ACT and ACT (scores ranged from 8 to 34, low scores indicating poor asthma control and high scores indicating well controlled asthma); +: final models adjusted for child's age, sex and father's highest education level attained; §: adjusted linear regression model constant=36.05, R2=0.21, F(5,66)=3.46, p=0.008, n=72.
- TABLE 3
Risk factors associated with anxiety disorders among adolescents in Uganda#
With anxiety Without anxiety Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ p-value Subjects 53 109 Adolescent's residence at birth Rural (38) 6 (11.3) 32 (29.4) 1 1 Urban (124) 47 (88.7) 77 (70.6) 3.25 (1.27–8.37) 3.42 (1.29–9.09) 0.01 Adolescent's residence during most of 0–5 years Rural (35) 6 (11.3) 29 (26.6) 1 1 Urban (127) 47 (88.7) 80 (73.4) 2.84 (1.10–7.34) 2.87 (1.07–7.66) 0.04 Father's education status Secondary or less (119) 34 (64.1) 85 (78.0) 1 1 Tertiary (43) 19 (35.9) 24 (22.0) 1.98 (0.96–4.07) 2.09 (1.00–4.37) 0.05 Father's history of asthma+ None (136) 40 (83.3) 96 (97.0) 1 1 Yes (11) 8 (16.7) 3 (3.0) 6.40 (1.61–25.37) 6.52 (1.59–26.76) 0.005 Adolescent's history of allergy-related diseases§ None (39) 5 (9.4) 34 (31.2) 1 1 Yes (123) 48 (90.6) 75 (68.8) 4.35 (1.59–11.90) 4.64 (1.66–13.00) 0.001 Adolescent's positive SPT to any of seven allergensƒ None (101) 32 (60.4) 69 (63.9) 1 1 Yes (60) 21 (39.6) 39 (36.1) 1.16 (0.59–2.28) 1.31 (0.65–2.67) 0.45 Data are presented as n or n (%), unless otherwise stated. SPT: skin prick test. #: n=162 (missing data: father's history of asthma n=15 and adolescent's positive SPT n=1); ¶: adjusted for age, sex and father's education level; +: similar trend for mother's history of asthma, albeit small numbers; §: adolescent's history of any of rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and eczema; ƒ: allergens were crude extracts of Dermatophagoides mix, Blomia tropicalis, Blattella germanica, peanut, cat, pollen mix of weeds and mould mix of Aspergillus species.
- TABLE 4
Area of residence in early life and reported psychological triggers for asthma symptoms among adolescents with asthma in urban Uganda#
Reported psychological trigger Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ p-value Yes No Subjects 69 206 Adolescent's residence at birth Rural (48) 10 (20.8) 38 (79.2) 1 Town (186) 43 (23.1) 143 (76.9) 1.07 (0.49–2.36) City (41) 16 (39.0) 25 (61.0) 2.14 (0.82–5.61) 0.17 Test for trend ptrend=0.11 Adolescent's residence during most of 0–5 years Rural (42) 6 (14.3) 36 (85.7) 1 Town (200) 51 (25.5) 149 (74.5) 2.28 (0.88–5.86) City (33) 12 (36.4) 21 (63.6) 3.53 (1.12–11.18) 0.08 Test for trend ptrend=0.03 Data are presented as n or n (%), unless otherwise stated. #: n=275; ¶: adjusted for child's age, sex and father's highest education level.
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00749-2020.SUPPLEMENT
