Tables
- TABLE 1
Clinical characteristics and lung function by COVID-19 severity at 6 months from discharge
Whole cohort Oxygen supplementation CPAP MV p-value Subjects n (%) 135 86 (64) 29 (21) 20 (15) Age, years 59±11 57±12# 61±11 64±7# 0.01 Males % total 67 61# 70 85# 0.04 BMI, kg·m−2 28±5 27±4 29±7 29±3 ns Current smokers n (%) 4 (3) 2 (1.5) 2 (1.5) 0 ns Former smokers n (%) 25 (18) 19 (14) 5 (3) 1 (1) ns COPD n (%) 4 (3) 0 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) ns Asthma n (%) 3 (2) 0 0 3 (2) ns mMRC score 0.93±0.84 0.90±0.89 1.07±0.75 0.85±0.75 ns mMRC score >1 27 (20) 16 (12) 7 (5) 4 (3) ns TLC, L 5.72±1.28 5.73±1.23 5.62±1.65 5.79±1.28 ns TLC, % predicted 96±33 96±17 90±18 89±13 ns TLC <LLN 25 (19) 12 (9) 8 (6) 5 (4) ns RV, L 2.09±0.80 2.13±0.82 2.01±0.77 2.05±0.76 ns RV, % predicted 96±33 100±33 89±32 87±30 ns RV >ULN 10 (7) 8 (6) 3 (2) 2 (2) ns RV/TLC 0.36±0.10 0.37±0.11 0.35±0.08 0.35±0.09 ns RV/TLC, % predicted 96±24 99±27 92±20 91±22 ns FVC, L 3.61±0.65 3.56±0.92 3.72±1.09 3.71±0.72 ns FVC, % predicted 91±16 90±17 94±16 92±12 ns FEV1, L 2.92±0.96 2.91±0.74 2.94±0.86 2.91±0.69 ns FEV1, % predicted 94±16 94±16 94±16 92±14 ns FEV1/VC 0.81±0.07 0.82±0.07 0.79±0.07 0.79±0.08 ns FEV1/VC, % predicted 101±9 102±9 100±9 100±10 ns FEV1/VC <LLN 11 (8) 7 (5) 3 (2) 2 (1) ns DLCO, mmol·kPa−1·min−1 7.20±2.06 7.29±2.16 7.02±1.87 7.06±1.96 ns DLCO, % predicted 82±20 83±21 80±16 79±20 ns DLCO <LLN 46 (34) 27 (20) 11 (8) 9 (7) ns KCO, mmol·kPa−1·min−1·L−1 1.37±0.26 1.38±0.27 1.36±0.27 1.35±0.22 ns KCO, % predicted 95±18 94±18 96±19 98±19 ns KCO <LLN 17 (13) 11 (8) 4 (3) 3 (2) ns Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. All percentages are calculated as % of total number of enrolled subjects (n=135). CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; MV: mechanical ventilation; BMI: body mass index; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (at 6 months); TLC: total lung capacity; LLN: lower limit of normality; RV: residual volume; ULN: upper limit of normality; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; VC: vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; KCO: transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO corrected for alveolar volume); ns: nonsignificant. #: within each row, identical superscripts indicate significant difference.
- TABLE 2
Respiratory function impairment at 6 months from discharge for COVID-19
TLC <LLN DLCO <LLN FEV1/FVC <LLN RV >ULN p-value Subjects n 25 18 11 10 % of discharged subjects 19 13 8 7 Age, years 62±10 59±12 68±5 64±6 ns Males/females n/n 20/5 10/8 8/3 5/4 ns BMI, kg·m−2 28±5 27±4 28±5 28±4 ns Current smokers n 1 0 1 0 Former smokers n 2 1 3 2 COPD n 0 0 4 0 Asthma n 0 0 1 0 CPAP n/total 8/29 2/29 3/29 1/29 ns MV n/total 6/20 0/20 2/20 1/20 ns mMRC dyspnoea, score 1.84±0.80 1.22±0.55 1.27±0.90 1.3±0.67 ns TLC, L 4.54±1.05 5.36±1.04 6.07±1.22 6.89±1.60 TLC, % 69±9 90±10 106±13 114±12 RV, L 1.45±0.48 1.99±0.67 3.28±0.86 3.44±0.62 RV, % predicted 63±21 92±22 138±24 155±18 RV/TLC 0.33±0.10#,¶ 0.37±0.09§,+ 0.52±0.09#,§ 0.51±0.99¶,+ 0.01 RV/TLC, % predicted 82±28#,¶ 96±21§,+ 125±21#,§ 130±20¶,+ 0.01 FVC, L 3.11±0.85 3.36±0.71 2.92±0.81 3.40±1.25 ns FVC, % predicted 76±14§ 89±14§ 85±19 90±19 0.04 FEV1, L 2.69±0.67 2.73±0.56 1.93±0.53 2.83±0.97 ns FEV1, % predicted 85±13 92±12 72±17 97±19 ns FEV1/VC 0.85±0.04 0.81±0.05 0.67±0.06 0.84±0.06 FEV1/VC, % predicted 109±6 102±6 83±5 107±7 DLCO, mmol·kPa−1·min−1 6.16±1.97 5.36±1.09 5.67±2.02 6.95±2.19 ns DLCO, % predicted 68±19 63±10 73±28 82±17 ns KCO, mmol·kPa−1·min−1·L−1 1.34±0.26 1.19±0.27 1.19±0.34 1.38±0.11§ ns KCO, % predicted 97±21§ 80±13§ 85±28 98±10 0.04 Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. TLC: total lung capacity; LLN: lower limit of normality; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; RV: residual volume; ULN: upper limit of normality; BMI: body mass index; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; MV: mechanical ventilation; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (at 6 months); VC: vital capacity; KCO: transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO corrected for alveolar volume); ns: nonsignificant. #,¶,+,§: within each row, identical superscripts indicate significant difference.
