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Psychological stress and health-related quality of life among tuberculosis patients: a prospective cohort study

Ann Roy Febi, Mohan K. Manu, Aswini Kumar Mohapatra, Samir Kumar Praharaj, Vasudeva Guddattu
ERJ Open Research 2021 7: 00251-2021; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00251-2021
Ann Roy Febi
1Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Mohan K. Manu
2Dept of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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  • For correspondence: manu.mohan@manipal.edu
Aswini Kumar Mohapatra
1Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
3Dept of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public health, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Samir Kumar Praharaj
2Dept of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Vasudeva Guddattu
3Dept of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public health, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Tables

  • Supplementary Materials
  • TABLE 1

    Socio-demographic characteristics

    Gender
    n (%)
    Education
    n (%)
    Employment
    n (%)
    Housing
    n (%)
    Nicotine use
    n (%)
    Alcohol use
    n (%)
    Males: 27 (31.4)
    Females: 59 (68.6)
    Illiterate: 21 (24.4)
    Primary: 28 (32.6)
    Pre-university: 8 (9.3)
    Graduate: 29 (33.7)
    Unemployed: 22 (25.6)
    Employed: 55 (64)
    Student: 9 (10.5)
    Thatched house: 19 (22.1)
    Tiled house: 33 (38.4)
    Concrete house: 30 (34.9)
    Two-storey house: 4 (4.7)
    41 (47.7)34 (39.5)
  • TABLE 2

    Prevalence of anxiety and depression at baseline and the changes during the follow-up visits

    No anxiety
    n (%)
    Anxiety
    n (%)
    No depression
    n (%)
    Depression
    n (%)
    GAD-7
    median (IQR)
    PHQ-9
    median (IQR)
    First visit65 (75.6)21 (24.4)68 (79.1)18 (20.9)6 (7.3)7.5 (7)
    Second visit81 (94.2)5 (5.8)80 (93)6 (7)3 (4.3)3 (6)
    Third visit85 (98.8)1 (1.2)84 (97.7)2 (2.3)1 (2)1 (2.3)
    Cochran Q23.132.0
    p-value<0.001#<0.001#<0.001¶<0.001¶

    #Cochran Q test. ¶Friedman test; anxiety: GAD-7 score>11; depression: PHQ-9 score >11.

    GAD-7: seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item depression scale; IQR: interquartile range.

    • TABLE 3

      Association of psychological stress with other parameters

      No anxiety
      n (%)
      Anxiety
      n (%)
      Chi-squarep-valueNo depression
      n (%)
      Depression
      gn (%)
      Chi-squarep-value
      GenderMale43 (66.2)16 (76.2)0.740.3845 (66.2)14 (77.8)0.880.34
      Female22 (33.8)5 (23.8)23 (33.8)4 (22.2)
      Education#Illiterate13 (20)8 (38.1)–0.0616 (23.5)5 (27.8)–0.47
      Primary schooling19 (29.2)9 (42.9)21 (30.9)7 (38.9)
      Pre-university8 (12.3)0 (0)8 (11.8)0 (0)
      Graduate25 (38.5)4 (19)23 (33.8)6 (33.3)
      Employment#Unemployed16 (24.6)6 (28.6)–0.6017 (25.0)5 (27.8)–0.74
      Employed41 (63.1)14 (66.7)43 (63.0)12 (66.7)
      Student8 (12.3)1 (4.8)8 (11.8)1 (5.6)
      SmokingNo37 (56.9)8 (38.1)2.250.1338 (55.9)7 (38.9)1.640.19
      Yes28 (43.1)13 (61.9)30 (44.1)11 (61.1)
      Alcohol useNo43 (66.2)9 (42.9)3.600.0545 (66.2)7 (38.9)4.430.03
      Yes22 (33.8)12 (57.1)23 (33.8)11 (61.1)*
      ComplicationsNil45 (69.2)14 (66.7)–0.8446 (67.6)13 (72.2)–0.40
      Gastritis14 (21.5)4 (19)14 (20.6)4 (22.2)
      Hepatitis5 (7.7)2 (9.5)7 (10.3)0 (0)
      Skin Rash1 (1.5)1 (4.8)1 (1.5)1 (5.6)

      #Fischer's exact test was done, as assumption of Chi-square was not met. *p<0.05 (two-tailed).

      • TABLE 4

        Mean WHOQOL-BREF scores at first and last visit

        DomainsFirst visit (mean±sd)Last visit (mean±sd)t-value#p-value
        Physical health12.16±3.3214.98±3.29−9.95<0.001
        Psychological health12.54±2.8214.23±2.62−5.54<0.001
        Social relationship12.79±4.6114.86±3.87−4.93<0.001
        Environment health12.25±3.8015.31±3.63−8.06<0.001
        Question 13.30±1.153.89±0.93−5.00<0.001
        Question 23.15±1.123.72±1.03−4.40<0.001

        #Paired t-test.

        Supplementary Materials

        • Tables
        • Supplementary Material

          Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.

          Figure S1 00251-2021_Figure_S1

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        Psychological stress and health-related quality of life among tuberculosis patients: a prospective cohort study
        Ann Roy Febi, Mohan K. Manu, Aswini Kumar Mohapatra, Samir Kumar Praharaj, Vasudeva Guddattu
        ERJ Open Research Jul 2021, 7 (3) 00251-2021; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00251-2021

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        Psychological stress and health-related quality of life among tuberculosis patients: a prospective cohort study
        Ann Roy Febi, Mohan K. Manu, Aswini Kumar Mohapatra, Samir Kumar Praharaj, Vasudeva Guddattu
        ERJ Open Research Jul 2021, 7 (3) 00251-2021; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00251-2021
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