Tables
- TABLE 1
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of study participants
Characteristics DOAC# Warfarin¶ p-value Baseline characteristics Demographics Age years, median (interquartile range) 60.1 (36.2–84.1) 59.0 (35.4–82.3) 0.83 Female, n (%) 83 (53.9) 41 (53.2) 0.92 Anthropometrics Height cm, mean±sd 170.9±9.3 170.8±9.0 0.91 Weight kg, mean±sd 122.4±22.6 125.9±33.5 0.82 BMI kg·m−2, mean±sd 42.0±7.5 43.3±11.8 0.74 BMI >40 kg·m−2 or weight >120 kg, n (%) 104 (67.5) 46 (59.7) 0.24 Clinical parameters on presentation First recorded SBP mmHg, mean±sd 128.1±21.5 124.5±25.7 0.31 First recorded heart rate, mean±sd 96.5±19.1 96.6±18.1 0.89 SpO2 <94% on presentation, n (%) 73 (47.4) 40 (51.9) 0.51 History of malignancy, n (%) 16 (10.4) 6 (7.8) 0.43 PESI score, mean±sd 86.1±29.9 88.7±33.7 0.56 PESI score, n (%) Class V: very high risk 14 (9.1) 7 (9.1) Class IV: high risk 19 (12.3) 11 (14.3) 0.24 Class III: moderate risk 49 (31.8) 24 (31.2) 0.89 Class II: low risk 29 (18.8) 15 (19.5) 0.78 Class I: very low risk 43 (27.9) 20 (26.0) 0.67 CTPA characteristics Most proximal clot location, n (%) Saddle/main PA 36 (23.4) 13 (16.7) 0.47 Lobar arteries 66 (42.9) 36 (46.8) 0.78 Segmental 25 (32.5) 46 (30.0) 0.81 Clot number: bilateral 133 (86.3) 62 (80.5) 0.50 RHS on CTPA, n (%) 97 (63.3) 51 (66.2) 0.83 Echocardiographic parameters LV impairment, n (%) 16 (12.7) 7 (11.3) 0.76 RV impairment, n (%) 78 (61.9) 39 (60.0) 0.89 RV dilatation, n (%) 92 (73.1) 41 (66.1) 0.46 RVSP mmHg, mean±sd 43.5±12.4 43.9 (10.5) 0.85 Laboratory markers Elevated troponin, n (%) 72 (62.6) 29 (64.4) 0.88 Lactate on presentation mmol·L−1, mean±sd 2.3±1.4 2.5±1.6 0.52 eGFR mL·min−1·1.73 m−2, mean±sd 68.1±15.5 67.3±20.2 0.78 Pulmonary embolism risk category Low risk 39 (25.3) 16 (20.8) 0.45 Intermediate–low risk 45 (29.2) 30 (39.0) 0.14 Intermediate–high risk 57 (37.0) 22 (28.6) 0.24 High risk 13 (8.4) 9 (11.7) 0.48 Initial treatment Intravenous heparin infusion, n (%) 66 (42.9) 40 (51.9) 0.11 Low molecular-weight heparin, n (%) 53 (34.4) 28 (36.4) 0.69 Thrombolysis and heparin, n (%) 13 (8.4) 9 (11.7) 0.62 Upfront DOAC 22 (14.3) Type of DOAC and maintenance dose Rivaroxaban 20 mg daily, n (%) 141 (91.6) Apixaban 5 mg twice daily, n (%) 13 (8.4) Outcomes at follow-up Recurrent VTE within 6 months, n (%) All recurrent VTE, n (%) 9 (5.8) 5 (6.5) 0.85 Recurrent pulmonary embolism, n (%) 4 (2.6) 3 (3.9) 0.59 Bleeding within 6 months Major bleeding, n (%) 1 (0.6) 2 (2.6) 0.25 CRNM bleeding, n (%) 7 (4.5) 6 (7.8) 0.22 Minor bleeding, n (%) 14 (9.1) 5 (6.5) 0.58 Mortality 30-day all-cause mortality, n (%) 2 (1.3) 3 (3.9) 0.22 6-month all-cause mortality, n (%) 4 (2.6) 5 (6.5) 0.16 Length of hospital stay days, mean±sd 5.1 (3.8) 7.9 (4.1) 0.01 DOAC: direct oral anticoagulant; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SpO2: oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry; PESI: pulmonary embolism severity index; PA: pulmonary artery; RHS: right heart strain; CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiogram; LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; RVSP: right ventricular systolic pressure; VTE: venous thromboembolism; CRNM: clinically relevant non-major. #: n=154; ¶: n=77.