Figures
- FIGURE 1
Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-19, IL-6 and IL-17 in bronchial biopsies from patients with asthma of different severity categories. The data are for bronchial biopsies from patients with severe asthma (n=42) and mild/moderate asthma (n=18) and healthy controls (n=13) from the U-BIOPRED Project and Australian Newcastle severe asthma cohorts (GSE147881). a) IL-19 gene expression was significantly increased in the lungs of patients with severe and mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. b) IL-6 gene expression was significantly increased in the lungs of patients with severe asthma compared to healthy controls. c) There was a trend towards increased IL-17 gene expression in the lungs of patients with severe and mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. d) IL-20R1 and IL-20R2 gene expression increased in the lungs of patients with severe and mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. e) IL-20R1 and IL-20R2 gene expression increased in severe asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts compared to healthy bronchial fibroblasts. Treatment of these cells with 100 ng·mL−1 IL-19 increased IL-20R1 and IL-20R2 gene expression levels. Fold change presented relative to healthy controls. Two-way comparison was done using two-tailed t-test. ns: nonsignificant. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001; ****: p<0.0001.
- FIGURE 2
Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-19, IL-6 and IL-17 in bronchial brushing, blood and sputum samples from patients with asthma of different severity categories. a–c) The data are for bronchial brushing from patients with severe asthma (n=38) and mild/moderate asthma (n=50) and healthy controls (n=20) from the SARP cohorts (GSE43696). a) IL-19 gene expression is significantly increased in the bronchial brushings from patients with severe asthma compared to healthy controls, and there is a trend towards increased IL-19 expression in bronchial brushings from patients with mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. b) There was a trend towards increased IL-6 gene expression in bronchial brushing from patients with severe and mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. c) No distinct pattern was found in IL-17 gene expression in bronchial brushings from patients with severe and mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. d–f) The data are for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (GSE132006) from patients with allergic asthma (n=5) and healthy controls (n=5). d) There was a trend towards increased IL-19 gene expression in PBMCs from patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. e) No distinct pattern was found in IL-6 gene expression in PBMCs from patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. f) No distinct pattern was found in IL-17 gene expression in PBMCs from patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. g–i) The data are for sputum (GSE137268) from patients with controlled (n=21) and uncontrolled (n=21) asthma. g) IL-19 gene expression was slightly increased in the sputum of patients with uncontrolled asthma compared those with controlled asthma. h) There was a trend towards increased IL-6 expression in the sputum of patients with uncontrolled asthma compared to those with controlled asthma. i) No distinct pattern was found for IL-17 expression in the sputum of patients with uncontrolled asthma compared to those with controlled asthma. Two-way comparison was done using two-tailed t-tests (GSE43696). Limma adjusted p<0.05 (GSE132006 and GSE137268). ns: nonsignificant. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01.
- FIGURE 3
Plasma and saliva interleukin (IL)-19, IL-6 and IL-17 levels in patients with asthma of different severity categories. The data are for samples from patients with severe asthma (n=18) and mild/moderate asthma (n=12) and healthy controls (n=6). a, b) IL-19 level was significantly increased in plasma (a) and saliva (b) of patients with severe asthma compared to mild/moderate asthma; the increase in IL-19 level was more pronounced in saliva than in plasma level. c, d) There was a trend towards increased plasma IL-6 level (c) in patients with severe asthma compared to mild/moderate asthma, and a significant increase in saliva IL-6 level (d) in patients with severe asthma compared to mild/moderate asthma. e, f) No distinct pattern was found in plasma IL-17 levels (e) in patients with severe asthma compared to mild/moderate asthma, but there was a trend towards increased saliva IL-17 levels (f) in patients with severe asthma compared to mild/moderate asthma. Two-way comparison was done using two-tailed t-test. ns: nonsignificant. *: p<0.05; ****: p<0.0001.
- FIGURE 4
Plasma interleukin (IL)-19 levels in asthma patients on different treatment regimens. a) Gene expression level of IL-19 in bronchial biopsies from healthy, non-smoker, non-allergic male volunteers treated with placebo or inhaled budesonide (1600 μg). The data show no difference in IL-19 expression levels between the two groups. b) Gene expression level of IL-19 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) untreated or treated with dexamethasone (500 nM) for 24 h. The data show no difference in IL-19 expression level between the treated and untreated PBMCs. c) Azithromycin and omalizumab decreases IL-19 plasma level in severe asthma. The data show that treatment with these medications significantly decreased IL-19 plasma level in patients with severe asthma. Two-way comparison was done using two-tailed t-tests. ns: nonsignificant. ****: p<0.0001.
- FIGURE 5
Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-20 and IL-24 in bronchial biopsies from patients with asthma of different severity categories. The data are from U-BIOPRED Project and Australian Newcastle severe asthma cohorts (GSE147881). a) IL-10 gene expression was significantly decreased in the lungs of patients with severe asthma compared to healthy controls. b) There was a trend towards increased lung IL-20 expression in patients with mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. c) IL-24 gene expression was significantly decreased in the lungs of patients with mild/moderate asthma compared to healthy controls. Two-way comparison was done using two-tailed t-tests. ns: nonsignificant. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01.
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary tables 00984-2020.SUPPLEMENT_TABLES
Supplementary figures 00984-2020.SUPPLEMENT_FIGURES
