Figures
- FIGURE 1
a) Photo of the Leicester Cough Monitor as worn by an individual. b) Photo of the Leicester Cough Monitor.
- FIGURE 2
An example of time distribution of cough events taken from a single 24-h recording of a participant.
- FIGURE 3
a) Scatterplot showing correlation between Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (LHQ) scores and cough frequency. Scores range between 3 and 21, and lower LHQ scores denote worse laryngeal hypersensitivity. b) Scatterplot showing correlation between Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) scores and cough frequency. Scores range between 3 and 21, and lower LCQ scores denote worse cough quality of life.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Participant demographics
Healthy controls Chronic cough Inducible laryngeal obstruction Severe asthma Subjects 15 103 50 21 Age years 51.69±12.71 60.56±13.95 58.3±12.33 52.25±3.86 Sex (% female) 69 70 76 75 FEV1 % predicted 105.69±16.22 86.4±15.68 81.21±16.70 67.63±18.17 FVC % predicted 106.85±15.44 85.23±17.08 85.79±23.87 85.84±19.29 FER % 101.08±10.47 100.07±12.27 94.14±14.55 72.17±16.27 Duration of cough months 0 109±125 83±160 94±202 Comorbid diagnoses Gastroesophageal reflux 0 57 28 10 Asthma 0 16 15 20 Rhinosinusitis 0 41 16 15 Obstructive sleep apnoea 0 12 8 2 Smoking status Never-smoker 13 63 35 10 Ex-smoker 0 33 11 9 Current smoker 0 1 0 1 Asthma Control Questionnaire NA NA NA 2.4±1.2 Beclomethasone equivalent dose NA NA NA 1375±614 Data are presented as n and mean±sd, unless otherwise indicated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; FER: forced expiratory ratio; NA: not applicable.
- TABLE 2
Time required for cough monitoring analysis
Task Estimated time Frequency Set-up equipment 5–10 min Per patient visit Explaining use of cough monitor for patient 5–10 min Per patient visit Save/download/rename 5 min Per patient visit Analysis with input from clinician 5–20 min Per patient visit Software processing Up to 55 min Per patient visit Maintaining records of cough monitor allocation 2 min Per patient visit Processing and cleaning returned monitors 5 min Per patient visit Chasing up lost/broken monitors Variable Variable Problem solving for difficult to analyse recordings Variable Variable - TABLE 3
Data available from ambulatory cough monitoring for an individual patient
Measure Example/definition Cough count The total number of coughs in a designated period of time Cough frequency The number of coughs per unit of time (usually hours) Cough patterns Changes in cough frequency per hour - TABLE 4
Pre-treatment cough data
Coughs per hour Number of daytime coughs Daytime coughs per h Number of overnight coughs Overnight coughs per h Chronic cough (n=97) 11.7±1.1 215.6±2.5 12.1±2.8 22.1±4.7 4.2±4.6 ILO (n=46) 7.5±2.7 148.6±2.4 7.9±2.6 18.3±4.9 2.9±4.7 Asthma (n=20) 9.5±2.9 167.0±2.9 10.7±2.9 24.4±3.2 4.6±2.9 Healthy controls (n=13) 2.4±2.0 The participant numbers refer to the number of recordings available rather than the participant numbers. Data are expressed as GEM±GSD. GEM: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation; ILO: inducible laryngeal obstruction.
- TABLE 5
Comparison of pre- and post-treatment cough frequency and cough quality of life and laryngeal hypersensitivity
Pre
GEM±GSD#Post
GEM±GSD#Change
GEM (se)95% CI p-value¶ paired t-test Coughs per h 10.5±3.1+ 4.0±3.4 2.6 (1.2) 1.9 to 3.7 <0.001 LCQ 12.5±3.3 16.4±3.5 3.9 (0.6) 2.8 to 5.0 <0.001 LHQ 14.5±3.1 16.8±3.2 2.3 (0.05) 1.3 to 3.2 <0.001 GEM: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation; se: standard error; CI: confidence interval; LCQ: Leicester Cough Questionnaire; LHQ: Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire. #: n=50; ¶: p-value was calculated using a paired sample t-test. +: the pre-treatment value in table 5 differs from the pre-treatment value reported in table 4 because not all patients had post-treatment cough frequency data.
Supplementary Material
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FIGURE S1 Comparison of cough frequency pre- and post-speech pathology intervention. 00319-2021.figureS1
