Figures
- FIGURE 1
Proportional Venn diagram describing the overlap of asthma, rhinitis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced dyspnoea, the definition of NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) and how it differs from aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and NSAID-induced dyspnoea without N-ERD.
- FIGURE 2
The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) (n=110) and asthma without N-ERD (n=818). Comparison between groups was made using Pearson's Chi-squared test.
- FIGURE 3
The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced dyspnoea without co-existing disease but with rhinitis or asthma; the latter two being NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) subgroups and the last one being part of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Comparison between groups was made using Pearson's Chi-squared test with the z-test.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD), asthma, rhinitis and NSAID-induced dyspnoea without N-ERD
N-ERD Asthma without N-ERD Rhinitis without asthma or N-ERD NSAID-induced dyspnoea without N-ERD p-value Patients 110 818 3168 22 Age years 52±14 46±15* 46±14* 53±16 <0.001 Female 72 (65.5) 460 (56.2) 1767 (55.8) 16 (72.7) 0.090 BMI kg·m−2 27.3±5.7 26.7±5.2 26.1±7.4 26.6±15.5 0.049 Age at asthma diagnosis years 32±17 25±18* NA NA 0.021 Asthma diagnosis <12 years 10 (16.4) 235 (30.1) NA NA 0.027 12–39 years 24 (39.3) 334 (42.8) ≥40 years 27 (44.3) 212 (27.1) Physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis 48 (43.6) 471 (57.6)* 1264 (39.6) 0 (0.0)* <0.001 Physician-diagnosed COPD 17 (15.5) 67 (8.2) 68 (2.1)* 0 (0.0) <0.001 Family history of asthma 53 (48.2) 355 (43.4) 823 (26.0)* 5 (22.7) <0.001 Never-smoker 49 (44.5) 383 (47.2)* 1689 (53.3) 6 (27.3) <0.001 Current smoker 24 (21.8) 192 (23.5) 724 (22.9) 10 (45.5) Ex-smoker 37 (33.6) 240 (29.3)* 755 (23.8) 6 (27.3) Occupational exposure to VGDF 48 (45.7) 308 (38.8) 1064 (34.2) 5 (23.8) 0.007 Childhood exposure to farming environment 43 (39.8) 210 (26.2)* 702 (22.4)* 5 (29.4) <0.001 Data are presented as n, mean±sd or n (%), unless otherwise stated. Missing data in the N-ERD group: body mass index (BMI) n=2, occupational exposure to vapours, gases, dusts and fumes (VGDF) n=3, childhood exposure to farming environment n=2. ANOVA was used for continuous variables with Tukey's post hoc test to determine statistically significant differences and multigroup comparisons. Pearson's Chi-squared test with the z-test was used for categorical variables. NA: not applicable. *: p<0.05 versus N-ERD group.
- TABLE 2
Factors associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) determined by multivariable binary logistic regression
Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted# OR (95% CI) Age 20–39 years (ref.) 40–59 years 2.15 (1.25–3.68) 2.11 (1.19–3.76) 60–69 years 2.90 (1.68–4.99) 3.08 (1.68–5.64) Female sex 1.57 (1.06–2.33) 1.46 (0.94–2.28) Family history of asthma 2.98 (2.04–4.34) 2.34 (1.53–3.57) Family history of allergic rhinitis 2.46 (1.68–3.59) 2.47 (1.60–3.83) Cumulative exposure¶ 0 exposures (ref.) 1 exposure 1.63 (0.97–2.75) 1.49 (0.86–2.59) 2 exposures 2.65 (1.53–4.57) 2.41 (1.34–4.34) 3 exposures 3.83 (1.98–7.39) 3.68 (1.82–7.46) BMI <25 kg·m−2 (ref.) 25–29.99 kg·m−2 1.27 (0.82–1.98) 1.02 (0.64–1.64) ≥30 kg·m−2 1.72 (1.05–2.81) 1.14 (0.67–1.95) Childhood exposure to farming environment 1.75 (1.18–2.57) 1.38 (0.90–2.12) Ref.: reference category (without N-ERD); BMI: body mass index. #: adjusted to all variables in the model; ¶: cumulative exposure was classified from zero to three exposures calculating smoking (current or ex-smoking), secondhand smoke (smoke exposure at home or at work) and occupational exposure to vapours, gases, dusts and fumes.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00462-2021.supplement
