Figures
- FIGURE 1
Summary flowchart of study recruitment.
- FIGURE 2
Change in oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) in different body positions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and healthy hypoxic challenge. Boxplots showing SpO2 measured in a) COVID-19 patients (n=24, one dataset unavailable due to technical loss) and b) healthy volunteers (n=10) in different body positions. Boxes represent 25th percentile, median and 75th percentile. The lower and upper whiskers extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The overlaid dot plots show each SpO2 value that was measured (every 2 s). Dot plot and LOESS smooth curve showing the absolute change in SpO2 (percentage points) over time in prone position for c) COVID-19 patients and d) healthy volunteers. The SpO2 at each timepoint in prone position was corrected for every individual's baseline SpO2 (in supine position) – each dot represents the mean corrected SpO2 in all individuals for every minute in prone position.
- FIGURE 3
Visual analogue scales (VAS) for subjective breathlessness and discomfort in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers. Breathlessness (SOB) score for a) COVID-19 patients (n=25) and b) healthy volunteers (n=10). Discomfort score for c) COVID-19 patients and d) healthy volunteers. Lines represent median (IQR). Compared using Friedman's test and Dunn's multiple correction. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.005.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and healthy volunteers
Patients with COVID-19 Healthy volunteers Subjects n 25 10 Baseline demographics Age years 64.0 (53.0–75.0) 35.0 (22.5–44.0) Sex Female 7 (28.0) 8 (80.0) Male 18 (72.0) 2 (20.0) BMI kg·m−2 28.50 (25.70–31.40) 23.86 (22.77–25.89) Smoking history Current smoker 1 (4.0) 0 Ex-smoker 9 (36.0) 1 (10.0) Patients with COVID-19 (n=25) Baseline clinical variables FiO2 at proning 0.32 (0.28–0.36) ABG n=10 pH 7.43 (7.40–7.47) PaO2 kPa 8.00 (7.83–9.03) PaCO2 kPa 4.50 (3.98–4.60) Lactate mmol·L−1 1.70 (1.50–2.10) FiO2 0.28 (0.22–0.33) Inflammatory markers n=25 WCC (109·L−1) 7.90 (6.00–11.10) CRP mg·L−1 77.00 (40.00–141.00) COVID-19 status SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive n=25 Symptom onset to admission (days) 9.0 (3.0–11.0) Admission to prone (days) 2.0 (1.0–3.0) Radiographic severity score 5 (4–7) COVID-19 therapeutic regimen Dexamethasone only 10 (40.0) Dexamethasone+Baricitinib 2 (8.0) Dexamethasone+Dapagliflozin+Ambrisentan 3 (12.0) Dexamethasone+EDP1815# 1 (4.0) Dexamethasone+Ravulizumab 2 (8.0) Dexamethasone+Remdesivir 4 (16.0) Dexamethasone+Tocilizumab 1 (4.0) Comorbidities Respiratory Asthma 5 (20.0) COPD 2 (8.0) Interstitial lung disease 1 (4.0) Pulmonary tuberculosis 1 (4.0) Cardiovascular Atrial fibrillation 2 (8.0) Dilated cardiomyopathy 1 (4.0) Hypercholesterolaemia 1 (4.0) Hypertension 8 (32.0) Ischaemic heart disease 3 (12.0) Peripheral vascular disease 1 (4.0) Other significant Connective tissue disease 2 (8.0) Chronic kidney disease 2 (8.0) Haematological malignancy 1 (4.0) Hypothyroidism 2 (8.0) Osteoarthritis 2 (8.0) Polymyalgia rheumatica 2 (8.0) Raynaud's disease 1 (4.0) Rheumatoid arthritis 1 (4.0) Type II diabetes mellitus 4 (16.0) Outcomes Death 1 (4.0) Intubation and ventilation 1 (4.0) Noninvasive ventilation 1 (4.0) Discharge 24 (96) Time from proning to discharge (days) 7 (4–10.5) Data are n (%) or median (IQR). Radiographic severity score: semi-quantitative score indicating extent of radiographic changes with a maximum score of 8. BMI: body mass index; FiO2: fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air at point of proning; ABG: arterial blood gas; PaO2: arterial partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; WCC: white cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NA: not applicable. #: EDP1815 is an investigational immune modulator used as part of the TACTIC-E Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04393246.
Supplementary Material
Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.
Supplementary material ERJ-00524-2021.supplement
