Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flow chart of participants analysed in the study. Approximately 35 000 people were estimated to have been reached via social network information campaigns. Of these, 930 were enrolled in the study. Only 616 participants recorded data for ⩾1 h, and were therefore included in the autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) and usage analyses. Similarly, only 272 participants consulted medical services during the study period. Of these, only 33 recorded ⩾24 h of data both in and outside the consultation period, and were included in the analysis of cough frequency changes as a function of consultation dates.
- FIGURE 2
Difference between cough rates in the consultation period compared to the participants’ monitoring history. Cough frequency during the consultation period is compared to the entire monitoring history (n=33), and the parsed pre- (n=23) and post-consultation history (n=29). Shaded areas represent the distribution of effect sizes predicted under a null model of no difference. The black line represents the actual observed difference between the consultation period and compared periods. Cough frequency during the consultation period significantly increased when compared to the entire history and the post-consultation history (p<0.00001 in both cases), but not when compared to the pre-consultation history (p=0.855).
- FIGURE 3
Cough and usage trends compared to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence. Incidence of COVID-19 in a) the entire study area compared to b) the evolution of cough trends in the monitored cohort; c) after the exclusion of the participant with chronic cough; and d) compared to the number of active users. The continuous line represents the 7-day rolling average.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Cohort characteristics and cough monitoring periods
Recruited Monitoring periods ≥1 h ≥100 h ≥240 h Age, years 21 (20–24) 21 (20–25) 25 (21–50) 50 (39–56) Operating system Android 366 (39.4) 269 (43.7) 127 (71.3) 18 (85.7) iOS 559 (60.1) 345 (56.0) 51 (28.7) 3 (14.3) Not specified 5 (0.5) 2 (0.3) 0 0 Participants 930 616 178 21 Data are presented as median (interquartile range), n (%) or n.
- TABLE 2
Changes in cough rates during the consultation period and participant monitoring history
Participants Observed difference in cough rate (coughs·h−1) p-value Consultation period (days −5 to +4)# Full user history 33 +0.77±2.62 <0.00001 Pre-consultation history (before day −5) 23 −0.25±1.89 0.855 Post-consultation history (after day +4) 29 +1.08±2.92 <0.00001 Data are presented as n or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. #: day 0=date of consultation.
Supplementary Material
Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.
Supplementary material 00053-2022.SUPPLEMENT
