Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flow chart depicting study design including 605 cases with suspected pulmonary infection. BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage.
Tables
- TABLE 1
In-panel microorganisms and resistance genes detected by the Curetis Unyvero - P50 assay
Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria Fungi Resistance genes Resistance against Staphylococcus aureus Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumocystis jirovecii ctx-M 3rd generation cephalosporins Streptococcus mitis group Chlamydophila pneumoniae ermA Macrolides/lincosamides Escherichia coli ermB Macrolides/lincosamides Enterobacter spp. ermC Macrolides/lincosamides Haemophilus influenzae Int1 MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae kpc Carbapenems Klebsiella oxytoca mecA Oxacillin Legionella pneumophila msrA Macrolide Moraxella catarrhalis mefA Macrolide Morganella morganii oxa-51 Carbapenems Pseudomonas aeruginosa shv Penicillin Proteus spp. sul1 Sulfonamide Serratia marcescens dha 3rd generation cephalosporins Stenotrophomonas maltophilia tem-shv 3rd generation cephalosporins shv Penicillin tem1 Penicillin gyrA832_Pseu Fluoroquinolones gyrA833_Pseu Fluoroquinolones gyrA872_Pseu Fluoroquinolones gyrA873_Pseu Fluoroquinolones gyrA83_Ecoli Fluoroquinolones gyrA87_Ecoli Fluoroquinolones parCPseu Fluoroquinolones MDR: multidrug resistant.
- TABLE 2
Demographics of patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage for suspicion of pulmonary infection
Patient characteristics n (%), mean±sd Multiplex PCR Conventional culture p-value Age years 62±15.5 60±15.9 60±14.6 0.82 Female 198/470 (42) 140/322 (43) 58/148 (39) 0.42 Weight kg 68±17.96 70±18.1 69±17.7 0.83 Height cm 169±9.4 169±9.6 169±9.0 0.82 Setting 0.78 Ambulatory 213/605 (35) 147/417 (35) 64/188 (34) Hospitalised 392/605 (65) 270/417 (65) 124/188 (66) Smoking status 0.79 Current smokers 126/605 (21) 86/403 (21) 40/183 (22) Former smokers 237/605 (39) 160/403 (40) 77/183 (42) Pack-years, median (IQR) 30 (15–50) 30 (15–50) 30 (18.75–50) 0.78 Respiratory symptoms before bronchoscopy: Cough 316/399(79) 215/370 (58) 101/167 (60) 0.64 Sputum 239/537(45) 167/370 (45) 72/167 (43) 0.71 Dyspnoea 226/399(57) 156/370 (42) 70/167 (42) 1.00 Thoracic pain 66/399(17) 50/370 (14) 16/167 (10) 0.26 Pathological findings on CT and/or radiograph 284/348 (82) 194/235 (83) 90/113 (80) 0.56 Consolidation 223 (79) 154 (79) 69 (77) 0.47 Pleural effusion 101 (36) 76 (39) 25 (28) 0.06 Interstitial pattern 63 (22) 40 (21) 23 (26) 0.46 Cavities 13 (5) 10 (5) 3 (3) 0.56 Laboratory findings values before bronchoscopy C-reactive protein mg·L−1 20±87 68±93 51±70 0.27 Procalcitonin ng mL−1 0.08±1.22 0.4±1.4 0.2±0.6 0.37 White blood cells (×109) 7.94±5.8 9.0±5.9 8.6±5.5 0.45 Neutrophil leukocyte count (×109) 5.28±4.6 6.5±4.9 6.1±3.7 0.95 Haemoglobin g·L−1 120±24 118±24 120±23 0.46 Glucose mmol·L−1 5.9±2.5 6.5±2.2 7.0±3.0 0.18 BUN mmol·L−1 6.3±5.44 7.8±5.6 7.8±5.2 0.46 Creatinine μmol L−1 76±63 94±62 98±68 0.24 Final diagnosis Bacterial infection 188 54/144 (37.5) 45/188 (24) 0.00 Probably bacterial infection 183 21/116 (18) 16/183 (9) No bacterial infection 234 32/160 (20) 22/234 (9) IQR: interquartile range; CT: computed tomography; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
- TABLE 3
The number of times the microorganisms present in the Curetis Unyvero P50 assay were detected by conventional methods and the multiplex PCR assay
Conventional method +
PCR +Conventional method –
PCR +Conventional method +
PCR –Acinetobacter baumannii 2 5 0 Chlamydophila pneumoniae 0 1 0 Escherichia coli 5 3 5 Haemophilus influenzae 8 20 4 Klebsiella oxytoca 1 1 0 Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 1 2 Legionella pneumophila 0 1 0 Moraxella catarrhalis 2 6 1 Morganella morganii 0 2 0 Proteus spp. 0 1 0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 5 2 Serratia marcescens 4 1 0 Staphylococcus aureus 11 6 7 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 6 3 1 Streptococcus mitis/Streptococcus pneumoniae 8 16 7 Total 62 72 29
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00595-2021.SUPPLEMENT
Vol 8 Issue 2
Table of Contents
Multiplex bacterial PCR in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of non-intubated patients with suspected pulmonary infection: a quasi-experimental study
