Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Current issue
  • Early View
  • Archive
  • Authors/reviewers
    • Instructions for authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • COVID-19 submission information
    • Institutional open access agreements
    • Peer reviewer login
  • Alerts
  • Subscriptions
  • ERS Publications
    • European Respiratory Journal
    • ERJ Open Research
    • European Respiratory Review
    • Breathe
    • ERS Books
    • ERS publications home

User menu

  • Log in
  • Subscribe
  • Contact Us
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
  • ERS Publications
    • European Respiratory Journal
    • ERJ Open Research
    • European Respiratory Review
    • Breathe
    • ERS Books
    • ERS publications home

Login

European Respiratory Society

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Current issue
  • Early View
  • Archive
  • Authors/reviewers
    • Instructions for authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • COVID-19 submission information
    • Institutional open access agreements
    • Peer reviewer login
  • Alerts
  • Subscriptions

Multimorbidity and overall comorbidity of sleep apnoea: a Finnish nationwide study

Marja Palomäki, Tarja Saaresranta, Ulla Anttalainen, Markku Partinen, Jaana Keto, Miika Linna
ERJ Open Research 2022 8: 00646-2021; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00646-2021
Marja Palomäki
1Central Hospital for Central Ostrobothnia, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, Kokkola, Finland
2Sleep Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tarja Saaresranta
2Sleep Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
3Sleep and Breathing Centre and Division of Medicine, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ulla Anttalainen
2Sleep Research Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
3Sleep and Breathing Centre and Division of Medicine, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Markku Partinen
4Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Terveystalo Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland
5Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: makrip@utu.fi
Jaana Keto
6Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Helsinki, Finland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Miika Linna
7Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
8University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Figures

  • Tables
  • Supplementary Materials
  • FIGURE 1
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    FIGURE 1

    The 10 most common disease pathways to multimorbidity before sleep apnoea diagnosis based on the sequence of the first two chronic diseases. The group “other cardiovascular disease” does not include ischaemic heart disease.

  • FIGURE 2
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    FIGURE 2

    Number of chronic diseases at the time of sleep apnoea diagnosis for individuals with incident sleep apnoea (n=25 324), matched controls (n=25 324) and the general population (n=3 223 399).

Tables

  • Figures
  • Supplementary Materials
  • TABLE 1

    Demographics for the incident sleep apnoea cohort at the time of sleep apnoea diagnosis, matched control population and total adult population using healthcare services in 2017 (i.e. the general population)

    PopulationMaleAge, years (mean)Age 18–65 yearsAge 65–74 yearsAge ≥75 yearsMultimorbidity (≥2 chronic diseases)
    Incident sleep apnoea
     All25 32464.257.268.822.78.663.3
     Male16 26356.370.621.67.858.3
     Female906158.865.524.79.972.4
    Matched controls
     All25 32464.257.268.822.78.661.6
     Male16 26356.370.621.67.856.5
     Female906158.865.524.79.970.5
    General population3 223 39942.952.167.717.115.2538.1

    Data are presented as n or %.

    • TABLE 2

      Number and percentage of chronic comorbidities (as elaborated in the supplementary material) at the time of sleep apnoea diagnosis for all those diagnosed with sleep apnoea in Finland in 2017

      Men (n=16 263)Women (n=9061)
      Cases (n)Prevalence (%)Cases (n)Prevalence (%)p-value
      Cancer8715.365365.920.070
      Kidney and urinary tract disease5553.412322.56<0.001
      Thyroid disease3372.078919.83<0.001
      Other metabolic disease5633.465526.09<0.001
      Diabetes332420.44170518.820.006
      Obesity10536.47105311.62<0.001
      Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease3111.913353.70<0.001
      Dementia and other cerebral disorders7034.322913.21<0.001
      Schizophrenia and delusional disorders2151.321411.560.133
      Mood and neurotic disorders16069.88174619.27<0.001
      Nonorganic sleep disorders3552.183353.70<0.001
      Neurological disorders12217.51123213.60<0.001
      Glaucoma2341.441932.13<0.001
      Hypertension421725.93275230.37<0.001
      Cardiovascular disease375723.10220224.300.059
      Atrial fibrillation14969.206347.00<0.001
      Other respiratory disease165310.16131114.47<0.001
      Gastrointestinal disease267116.42206522.79<0.001
      Musculoskeletal disease579735.65471752.06<0.001
      Urogenital disease14408.852062.27<0.001
      Heart failure6243.843193.52<0.001
      Cerebrovascular disease5323.272963.270.211
      Organic sleep disorders1971.211751.930.985
      Asthma9675.94113712.55<0.001
      COPD5723.522933.230.744
      Dyslipidaemia174510.7398510.870.242
    • TABLE 3

      Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for prevalence of major chronic disease (as elaborated in the supplementary material) among individuals with incident sleep apnoea versus matched controls

      All, sleep apnoea versus matched controlsMen, sleep apnoea versus matched controlsWomen, sleep apnoea versus matched controls
      Obesity4.12 (3.74–4.53)4.64 (4.03–5.35)3.75 (3.29–4.27)
      Organic sleep disorders3.13 (2.60–3.77)4.14 (3.02–5.68)4.80 (3.36–6.86)
      Heart failure1.98 (1.77–2.22)1.90 (1.66–2.18)2.15 (1.77–2.62)
      Other respiratory disease1.80 (1.69–1.92)1.90 (1.74–2.07)1.79 (1.63–1.96)
      Asthma1.74 (1.62–1.87)1.57 (1.41–1.74)1.98 (1.79–2.20)
      Other metabolic disease1.71 (1.55–1.88)1.66 (1.45–1.91)1.78 (1.55–2.05)
      COPD1.57 (1.41–1.75)1.43 (1.26–1.63)1.96 (1.61–2.39)
      Diabetes1.51 (1.44–1.59)1.44 (1.36–1.52)1.68 (1.55–1.82)
      Atrial fibrillation1.50 (1.40–1.61)1.48 (1.36–1.6)1.56 (1.37–1.77)
      Hypertension1.48 (1.42–1.55)1.45 (1.37–1.52)1.55 (1.45–1.66)
      Nonorganic sleep disorders1.47 (1.30–1.65)1.37 (1.16–1.61)1.59 (1.34–1.9)
      Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease1.32 (1.17–1.49)1.09 (0.93–1.28)1.65 (1.38–1.97)
      Mood and neurotic disorders1.29 (1.22–1.36)1.18 (1.09–1.27)1.44 (1.33–1.55)
      Thyroid disease1.29 (1.18–1.40)1.21 (1.03–1.42)1.33 (1.20–1.48)
      Dyslipidaemia1.27 (1.20–1.35)1.31 (1.22–1.42)1.24 (1.13–1.37)
      Kidney and urinary tract disease1.23 (1.10–1.37)1.17 (1.03–1.32)1.40 (1.14–1.71)
      Cardiovascular disease1.20 (1.15–1.26)1.17 (1.11–1.23)1.27 (1.18–1.36)
      Cerebrovascular disease1.07 (0.97–1.18)0.98 (0.86–1.10)1.29 (1.08–1.54)
      Urogenital disease1.06 (0.99–1.14)1.10 (1.02–1.19)0.86 (0.71–1.04)
      Musculoskeletal disorders1.02 (0.99–1.06)0.99 (0.94–1.03)1.08 (1.02–1.15)
      Neurological disorders1.02 (0.96–1.08)0.99 (0.91–1.07)1.05 (0.96–1.14)
      Gastrointestinal disease0.92 (0.88–0.97)0.86 (0.81–0.91)1.02 (0.96–1.10)
      Glaucoma0.91 (0.80–1.04)0.88 (0.74–1.06)0.94 (0.77–1.15)
      Cancer0.69 (0.64–0.74)0.72 (0.66–0.79)0.64 (0.57–0.72)
      Schizophrenia and delusional disorders0.69 (0.60–0.79)0.63 (0.53–0.75)0.79 (0.63–0.99)
      Dementia and other cerebral disorders0.62 (0.57–0.67)0.58 (0.53–0.64)0.71 (0.61–0.82)
    • TABLE 4

      Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for prevalence of major chronic disease (as elaborated in the supplementary material) among individuals with incident sleep apnoea versus general population (i.e. the total adult population in Finland who used public healthcare services in 2017)

      All, sleep apnoea versus general populationMen, sleep apnoea versus general populationWomen, sleep apnoea versus general population
      Organic sleep disorders8.94 (8.14–9.83)6.98 (6.03–8.07)8.27 (7.10–9.63)
      Obesity7.19 (6.87–7.53)7.70 (7.22–8.22)8.57 (8.03–9.15)
      COPD3.17 (2.96–3.39)2.35 (2.16–2.55)4.23 (3.76–4.76)
      Other respiratory disease2.73 (2.63–2.84)2.78 (2.64–2.93)3.11 (2.93–3.30)
      Diabetes2.72 (2.64–2.81)2.37 (2.28–2.46)2.96 (2.80–3.12)
      Other metabolic disease2.67 (2.51–2.84)2.43 (2.32–2.54)3.16 (2.90–3.44)
      Hypertension2.65 (2.57–2.72)2.58 (2.49–2.68)2.92 (2.79–3.05)
      Asthma2.62 (2.51–2.74)2.43 (2.28–2.60)3.49 (3.28–3.72)
      Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease2.53 (2.34–2.74)2.22 (1.98–2.49)3.34 (2.99–3.73)
      Nonorganic sleep disorders2.45 (2.27–2.64)2.42 (2.17–2.69)2.93 (2.63–3.27)
      Heart failure2.42 (2.26–2.58)2.56 (2.36–2.78)2.23 (2.00–2.50)
      Dyslipidaemia2.39 (2.30–2.49)2.31 (2.20–2.43)2.47 (2.31–2.64)
      Kidney and urinary tract disease2.25 (2.09–2.42)1.89 (1.74–2.06)2.39 (2.10–2.73)
      Cardiovascular disease2.09 (2.03–2.15)1.45 (1.33–1.58)1.93 (1.71–2.16)
      Atrial fibrillation2.04 (1.95–2.13)1.91 (1.81–2.02)1.91 (1.76–2.07)
      Urogenital disease2.03 (1.93–2.13)1.57 (1.49–1.66)1.59 (1.39–1.83)
      Musculoskeletal disorders1.98 (1.93–2.03)1.94 (1.88–2.00)2.59 (2.48–2.70)
      Mood and neurotic disorders1.79 (1.73–1.86)1.74 (1.65–1.84)2.33 (2.21–2.45)
      Neurological disorders1.69 (1.62–1.76)1.65 (1.56–1.75)2.12 (1.99–2.25)
      Cerebrovascular disease1.69 (1.58–1.81)1.45 (1.33–1.58)1.93 (1.71–2.16)
      Thyroid disease1.64 (1.54–1.73)1.89 (1.70–2.11)2.34 (2.18–2.51)
      Gastrointestinal disease1.58 (1.53–1.63)1.51 (1.44–1.57)1.87 (1.78–1.97)
      Cancer1.14 (1.08–1.21)1.02 (0.96–1.10)1.29 (1.19–1.41)
      Glaucoma1.12 (1.02–1.24)1.11 (0.98–1.27)1.29 (1.12–1.48)
      Schizophrenia and delusional disorders1.10 (0.99–1.22)0.90 (0.79–1.04)1.36 (1.15–1.60)
      Dementia and other cerebral disorders0.92 (0.87–0.98)0.87 (0.80–0.93)0.86 (0.77–0.97)

    Supplementary Materials

    • Figures
    • Tables
    • Supplementary Material

      Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.

      Supplementary material 00646-2021.supplement

    PreviousNext
    Back to top
    Vol 8 Issue 2 Table of Contents
    ERJ Open Research: 8 (2)
    • Table of Contents
    • Index by author
    Email

    Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on European Respiratory Society .

    NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

    Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
    Multimorbidity and overall comorbidity of sleep apnoea: a Finnish nationwide study
    (Your Name) has sent you a message from European Respiratory Society
    (Your Name) thought you would like to see the European Respiratory Society web site.
    CAPTCHA
    This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
    Print
    Citation Tools
    Multimorbidity and overall comorbidity of sleep apnoea: a Finnish nationwide study
    Marja Palomäki, Tarja Saaresranta, Ulla Anttalainen, Markku Partinen, Jaana Keto, Miika Linna
    ERJ Open Research Apr 2022, 8 (2) 00646-2021; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00646-2021

    Citation Manager Formats

    • BibTeX
    • Bookends
    • EasyBib
    • EndNote (tagged)
    • EndNote 8 (xml)
    • Medlars
    • Mendeley
    • Papers
    • RefWorks Tagged
    • Ref Manager
    • RIS
    • Zotero
    Share
    Multimorbidity and overall comorbidity of sleep apnoea: a Finnish nationwide study
    Marja Palomäki, Tarja Saaresranta, Ulla Anttalainen, Markku Partinen, Jaana Keto, Miika Linna
    ERJ Open Research Apr 2022, 8 (2) 00646-2021; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00646-2021
    del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Technorati logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Connotea logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
    Full Text (PDF)

    Jump To

    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Abstract
      • Introduction
      • Materials and methods
      • Results
      • Discussion
      • Supplementary material
      • Footnotes
      • References
    • Figures & Data
    • Info & Metrics
    • PDF

    Subjects

    • Sleep medicine
    • Tweet Widget
    • Facebook Like
    • Google Plus One

    More in this TOC Section

    • Biomarkers and low-dose CT in hospitalised AECOPD
    • Lung function in young adulthood
    • CT on lung cancer screening
    Show more Original research articles

    Related Articles

    Navigate

    • Home
    • Current issue
    • Archive

    About ERJ Open Research

    • Editorial board
    • Journal information
    • Press
    • Permissions and reprints
    • Advertising

    The European Respiratory Society

    • Society home
    • myERS
    • Privacy policy
    • Accessibility

    ERS publications

    • European Respiratory Journal
    • ERJ Open Research
    • European Respiratory Review
    • Breathe
    • ERS books online
    • ERS Bookshop

    Help

    • Feedback

    For authors

    • Instructions for authors
    • Publication ethics and malpractice
    • Submit a manuscript

    For readers

    • Alerts
    • Subjects
    • RSS

    Subscriptions

    • Accessing the ERS publications

    Contact us

    European Respiratory Society
    442 Glossop Road
    Sheffield S10 2PX
    United Kingdom
    Tel: +44 114 2672860
    Email: journals@ersnet.org

    ISSN

    Online ISSN: 2312-0541

    Copyright © 2022 by the European Respiratory Society