Figures
- FIGURE 1
Design of quantitative patient preference study. PRO: patient-reported outcome; EQ-5D: European Quality of Life Questionnaire; CASA-Q: Cough and Sputum Assessment Questionnaire; DCE: discrete choice experiment; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; ISPOR: International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; IRB: independent review board; A&L: attributes and levels. #: to assess existing evidence on patients’ preferences in terms of types and amount of evidence available and objectives and outcomes of earlier research; ¶: to gain more information on what affects and motivates patients, their questions, pains, experiences, concerns and the way they communicate about their disease; +: to explore the disease experience, understand the priorities, detect potentially hidden aspects and further understand the communication.
- FIGURE 2
Profile-matching showing average patient profile, selected by patients to best match themselves at time of completing the questionnaire (summating results over all countries). Shaded boxes show the median level selected by patients for each attribute as that matching their current health state. Percentages of selected levels by attribute (level 1/level 2/level 3/level 4 (for shortness of breath)): exacerbation 14%/64%/23%; sleep quality 17%/51%/32%; shortness of breath 31%/39%/26%/5%; urinary incontinence 46%/39%/14%; mucus clearance 22%/57%/21%; cough 29%/54%/17%.
- FIGURE 3
Preference weights. CI: confidence interval; sd: standard deviation.
- FIGURE 4
Impact of attributes improvement on patient preference (events of daily living). a) Improvement in cough and mucus versus improvement in shortness of breath (SOB); b) improvement in daily symptoms (excess mucus production, cough and SOB) versus improvement in exacerbations.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Example of choice task for COPD disease state profiles as seen by the patients: patients are asked to select their preference between the disease states of patient A or B
Patient A Patient B When waking up on a typical morning: You feel rested You do not feel rested at all On a typical morning: It is not at all difficult to bring up mucus It is a little difficult to bring up mucus On a typical day: You experience shortness of breath when washing (e.g. taking a shower) or dressing You experience shortness of breath when sitting or lying down Your cough does not interrupt/disturb any of your usual activities Your cough interrupts/disturbs most of your usual activities COPD symptoms are causing a few drops of urine leakage COPD symptoms are causing a few drops of urine leakage During a typical year: Never experience any COPD flare-ups/exacerbations You experience one or more COPD flare-ups/exacerbations that require a hospital stay or visit - TABLE 2
Demographics and clinical characteristics of participants who completed the online survey
Parameters Quantitative phase II (n=1050) Age, years, mean±sd At survey 60.5±11.0 At diagnosis 53.6±11.3 Time since diagnosis, years, mean±sd 7.2±7.0 Age groups % 40–59 years 45 60–79 years 50 >80 years 5 Sex, male % 51 Country n (%) USA 400 (38.1) UK 200 (19.0) France 150 (14.3) Australia 150 (14.3) Japan 150 (14.3) Body mass index % (n=954) Underweight (<18.5 kg·m−2) 4 Healthy (18.5–24.9 kg·m−2) 44 Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg·m−2) 28 Obese (>30 kg·m−2) 24 Smoking status % Current smokers 29 Ex-smokers 57 Never-smokers 14 Comorbidities % Asthma 44 Hypertension 40 Allergies 34 Depression/anxiety 25 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder 22 Sleep disturbance 31 Diabetes 17 Obesity 16 Osteoporosis 16 Urinary incontinence 15 Rheumatology disease 15 COPD severity (self-perceived) % Mild 11 Moderate 54 Severe/very severe 35 Severity derived from PRO instruments#, mean±sd CAT score 25.0±6.67 CASA-Q score 50.3±20.9 Exacerbations in the past 12 months¶% 0 29 1 24 2 22 ≥3 25 Amount of mucus when coughing in the past 7 days % A great/very great deal 35 Some/a little 62 None at all 3 Asthma/respiratory allergy % Since childhood 23 Since adulthood 42 No allergy 35 Educational qualification (higher college or university degrees) % USA 68 UK 48 France 72 Australia 59 Japan 86 Employment status % Retired 42 Currently full time 34 Other (working part time, home maker, on sick leave, student and unemployment) 24 PRO: patient-reported outcome; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; CASA-Q: Cough and Sputum Assessment Questionnaire. #: CAT scores range from 0 to 40; higher scores denote a more severe impact of COPD on a patient's life; and CASA-Q domain scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores associated with fewer symptoms/less impact due to cough or sputum. ¶: that required hospitalisation; higher scores denote a more severe impact of COPD on a patient's life.
Supplementary Material
Please note: supplementary material is not edited by the Editorial Office, and is uploaded as it has been supplied by the author.
Supplementary material 00686-2021.SUPPLEMENT
