Figures
- FIGURE 1
Baseline gas trapping versus change in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ΔACQ). RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Baseline characteristics of participants
Participants 43 Age (years) 57.6±13.3 Female (%) 48.8 BMI (kg·m−2) 31.3±7.3 Smoking (pack-years) 6.8±11.6 SABA (puffs·day−1) 10 (14) LABA (%) 100 LAMA (%) 100 Inhaled steroid (beclomethasone µg·day−1) 1730±941 Daily oral steroid (%) 62.7 Prednisolone dose (mg·day−1) 7 (15) Monoclonal antibodies (%) 67.4 Exacerbations (per annum) 4 (8) ACQ 3.3±1.0 Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted) 49.1±15.8 Forced expiratory ratio (%) 50.4±11.3 Bronchodilator response FEV1 (%) 15.1±14.5 RV (% predicted) 150.3±40.8 TLC (% predicted) 104.7±17.4 RV/TLC (%) 51.3±10.5 KCO (% predicted) 94.0±23.3 Blood eosinophil count (cells·µL−1) 190±210 Serum IgE (IU·mL−1) 588±2324 Data are presented as n, mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; SABA: short-acting β-agonist; LABA: long-acting β-agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ACQ: Asthma Control Questionnaire; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; KCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide corrected for alveolar volume.
- TABLE 2
Response to bronchial thermoplasty at 12 months post procedure
Baseline 12 months post bronchial thermoplasty p-value Symptom score (ACQ) 3.3±1.0 2.0±1.3 0.001 SABA (puffs·day−1) 10 (14) 2 (6) 0.001 Prednisolone dose (mg·day−1) 7 (15) 0 (10) 0.001 Exacerbations (per annum) 4 (8) 1 (3) 0.001 FEV1 (L) 1.43±0.63 1.51±0.70 0.140 FEV1 (% pred) 49.1±15.8 52.7±18.1 0.035 Vital capacity (L) 2.91±0.94 3.01±1.00 0.078 TLC (L) 6.01±1.43 5.95±1.42 0.338 TLC (% pred) 104.7±17.4 103.9±20.6 0.567 RV (L) 3.09±0.95 2.93±0.94 0.026 RV (% pred) 150.3±40.8 141.8±46.0 0.023 RV/TLC (%) 51.3±10.5 49.3±10.8 0.009 Data are presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. Bold type represents statistical significance. n=43. ACQ: Asthma Control Questionnaire; SABA: short-acting β-agonist; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume.
- TABLE 3
Correlation between baseline gas trapping and bronchial thermoplasty outcome (12 months)
Pearson correlation coefficient RV (%) p-value RV/TLC p-value ΔACQ −0.18 0.24 0.09 0.55 ΔSABA (puffs·day−1) −0.05 0.73 0.14 0.37 ΔPrednisolone dose (mg·day−1) 0.006 0.97 0.04 0.79 ΔExacerbations (per annum) 0.09 0.56 0.14 0.39 n=43. RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; Δ: change; ACQ: Asthma Control Questionnaire score; SABA: short-acting β-agonist.
- TABLE 4
Baseline comparisons: nonresponders versus responders using change in Asthma Control Questionnaire score (ΔACQ)
Nonresponders (ΔACQ <0.5) Responders (ΔACQ ≥0.5) p-value Patients 16 27 ΔACQ at 12 months −0.03±0.5 −2.2±0.9 Baseline characteristics Age (years) 56.4±13.2 57.3±13.6 0.872 Male/female 8/8 14/13 0.910 BMI (kg·m−2) 30.2±7.5 32.4±7.5 0.22 Smoking history (pack-years) 0 (0) 1 (14) 0.040 ACQ 3.1±0.8 3.5±1.0 0.199 SABA (puffs·day−1) 8.5 (14) 10 (13) 0.604 Prednisolone dose (mg·day−1) 8.8 (15) 5 (15) 0.476 Exacerbations (per annum) 4 (7) 4 (7) 0.395 FEV1 (% pred) 47.2±10.9 50.3±18.1 0.534 TLC (% pred) 100±13 107±20 0.200 RV (% pred) 146±33 153±45 0.601 RV/TLC (%) 53±10 51±11 0.571 Data are presented as n, mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; SABA: short-acting β-agonist; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume.
- TABLE 5
Baseline comparisons: nonresponders versus responders using change (Δ) in annual exacerbation frequency
Nonresponders (ΔExacerbations <50%) Responders (ΔExacerbations ≥50%) p-value Patients 10 30 ΔExacerbations at 12 months −1 (2) −4 (5) Baseline characteristics Age (years) 51.2±16.4 59.0±12.2 0.120 Male/female 3/7 16/14 0.200 BMI (kg·m−2) 30.9±8.4 31.7±7.4 0.778 Smoking history (pack-years) 0 (4) 0 (10) 0.406 ACQ 3.6±0.9 3.4±1.0 0.499 SABA (puffs·day−1) 10.5 (16.5) 9 (14) 0.288 Prednisolone dose (mg·day−1) 17.5 (25) 5 (10) 0.143 Exacerbations (per annum) 5 (8) 4 (6) 0.623 FEV1 (% pred) 52.9±10.8 48.3±17.7 0.440 TLC (% pred) 98.7±15.2 105±18 0.331 RV (% pred) 135±35 152±43 0.261 RV/TLC (%) 48±10 52±11 0.230 Data are presented as n, mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; ACQ: Asthma Control Questionnaire; SABA: short-acting β-agonist; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume.
