Figures
- FIGURE 1
Distributions of a) the ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE) and b) the volume at peak tidal expiratory flow (VPTEF) to expiratory volume (VE) in awake and sleeping tidal flow–volume loop measurements (n=91).
- FIGURE 2
OR (95% CI) for ratios of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE) and volume at peak tidal expiratory flow (VPTEF) to expiratory volume (VE) <0.25 among sleeping compared to awake tidal flow–volume loop measurements (n=91).
Tables
- TABLE 1
Outcomes and definitions
Time parameters tPTEF Time to peak tidal expiratory flow (s) tE Expiratory time (s) tPTEF/tE Time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time Volume parameters VPTEF Volume at peak tidal expiratory flow (mL) VE Expiratory volume (mL) VPTEF/VE Volume at peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory volume VT Tidal volume (mL) - TABLE 2
Background characteristics of the study population (n=91) with tidal flow–volume loop measurements in both the awake and sleeping arousal state
Birth characteristics Girls (n=91) 51 (56.0) Gestational age at birth (weeks) (n=91) 40.0±1.3 Birth weight (kg) (n=91) 3.5±0.5 Birth length (cm) (n=82) 50.3±2.0 Infants at 3-month investigation Age (days) (n=91) 91.0±7.3 Weight (kg) (n=91) 6.1±0.8 Length (cm) (n=89) 61.5±2.3 Parents Mother's age (years) (n=91) 32.7±3.6 Nordic origin of mothers# (n=87) 82 (94.3) Asthma reported in mother (n=87) 19 (21.8) Asthma reported in father (n=85) 8 (9.4) Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd. #: based on maternal country of origin.
- TABLE 3
Tidal flow–volume loop parameters in the awake and sleeping state (n=91). The mean of the individual standard deviation is given to demonstrate variability related to arousal state and number of breaths
Awake Sleeping p-value# Lung function parameters Number of loops included 21 (18–24) 33 (30–37) <0.001 Respiratory rate (breaths·min−1) 53 (51–56) 38 (37–40) <0.001 Standard deviation 5.93 (5.26–6.61) 4.27 (3.74–4.81) <0.001 PTEF (mL) 110 (105–116) 84.1 (80.0–88.2) <0.001 Standard deviation 17.2 (15.3–19.0) 12.1 (10.9–13.4) 0.006 Time parameters tPTEF/tE ratio 0.39 (0.37–0.41) 0.28 (0.27–0.29) <0.001 Standard deviation 0.06 (0.05–0.06) 0.05 (0.05–0.05) 0.006 tPTEF (s) 0.24 (0.23–0.26) 0.25 (0.24–0.26) 0.402 Standard deviation 0.04 (0.04–0.04) 0.04 (0.04–0.04) 0.332 tE (s) 0.65 (0.61–0.68) 0.93 (0.88–0.98) <0.001 Standard deviation 0.08 (0.07–0.09) 0.13 (0.12–0.14) <0.001 Volume parameters VPTEF/VE ratio 0.38 (0.36–0.40) 0.29 (0.28–0.30) <0.001 Standard deviation 0.53 (0.48–0.58) 0.52 (0.48–0.56) 0.675 VPTEF (mL) 18.4 (17.2–19.6) 14.2 (13.5–15.0) <0.001 Standard deviation 4.07 (3.69–4.45) 2.89 (2.68–3.10) <0.001 VE (mL) 49.1 (46.4–51.7) 49.7 (47.4–51.9) 0.834 Standard deviation 8.16 (7.46–8.86) 6.17 (5.60–6.73) <0.001 VT (mL) 49.4 (46.7–52.1) 50.5 (48.2–52.8) 0.598 Standard deviation 7.76 (7.07–8.46) 6.00 (5.41–6.59) <0.001 Data are presented as mean (95% CI), unless otherwise stated. PTEF: peak tidal expiratory flow; tPTEF: time to peak tidal expiratory flow; tE: expiratory time; VPTEF: volume at peak tidal expiratory flow; VE: expiratory volume; VT: tidal volume. Bold type represents statistical significance. #: Wilcoxon signed-rank test of paired samples.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00163-2022.SUPPLEMENT
