Figures
- FIGURE 1
Study selection process.
- FIGURE 2
Summary of risk of bias assessment using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.
- FIGURE 3
Quantitative synthesis. a) Forest plot of the comparison of history of previous falls between people with COPD and healthy controls; b) forest plot of the comparison of Timed Up and GO (TUG) between people with COPD and healthy controls; c) forest plot of the comparison of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) between people with COPD and healthy controls; d) forest plot of the comparison of balance static tests between people with COPD and healthy controls; e) forest plot of the comparison of 6MWT between people with COPD and healthy controls. Each study considered in the meta-analysis corresponds to a point estimate, which is bounded by a 95% CI. The polygon at the bottom of the graph corresponds to the summary effect, and its width represents its 95% CI. OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MD: mean difference; SMD: standardised mean difference; 6MWT: 6-min walk test.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics of the included studies
Study, year (country) Study design n (M/F) Age years BMI kg·m−2 FEV1 % predicted Outcome Butcher et al., 2004 (Canada) Cross-sectional COPD (NO): 15 (7/8)
COPD (WO): 15 (5/10)
Control: 21 (3/18)COPD (NO): 72±2
COPD (WO): 69±2
Control: 68±1NR COPD (NO): 45±3
COPD (WO): 29±3
Control: 105±3TUG Hernandes et al., 2009 (Brazil) Cross-sectional COPD: 40 (18/22)
Control: 30 (14/6)COPD: 66±8
Control: 64±7COPD: 27±6
Control: 28±4COPD: 46±16
Control: 111±206MWT Ozalevli et al., 2010 (Turkey) Cross-sectional COPD: 36 (25/11)
Control: 20 (13/7)COPD: 70.3±3
Control: 68.5±7.3COPD: 24.6±5
Control: 27.6±2.6COPD: 43.5±6
Control: 98.3±11.1BBS, 6MWT Corrêa et al., 2011 (Brazil) Cross-sectional COPD: 10 (3/7)
Control: 10 (3/7)COPD: 64±10
Control: 63±7COPD: 23±5
Control: 24±3COPD: 38±11
Control: 95±186MWT Roig et al., 2011 (Canada) Cross-sectional COPD: 21 (NR/NR)
Control: 21 (NR/NR)COPD: 71.2±8.1
Control: 67.4±7.6COPD: 25.6±4.2
Control: 25.3±4COPD: 47.2±12.9
Control: 98.1±11.96MWT Ilgin et al., 2011 (Turkey) Cross-sectional COPD: 511 (NR/NR)
Control: 113 (NR/NR)GOLD I: 63.7±10.6
GOLD II: 67.1±9.5
GOLD III 66.0±9.8
GOLD IV 62.7±8.6
Control: 61.7±9.9GOLD I: 25.7±3.8
GOLD II: 25.6±3.9
GOLD III: 25.4±4.6
GOLD IV 25.3±5.0
Control: 27.2±4.2GOLD I: 90.0±8.4
GOLD II: 64.0±8.3
GOLD III 39.5±5.8
GOLD IV: 25.0±3.2
Control: 99.3±16.96MWT Beauchamp et al., 2012 (Canada) Cross-sectional COPD: 37 (17/20)
Control: 20 (8/12)COPD: 71±7
Control: 67±9COPD: 28.9±10.5
Control: 24.8±3.4COPD: 39.4±16.3
Control: 96.9±15.9BESTest, BBS, ABC Annegarn et al., 2012 (Netherlands) Cross-sectional COPD: 79 (47/32)
Control: 24 (15/9)COPD: 64.3±8.9
Control: 63.7±5.9COPD: 24.7±4.5
Control: 25.8±3.8COPD: 53.5±18.7
Control: 124.9±21.06MWT Chien et al., 2013 (China) Cross-sectional Moderate COPD: 40 (37/7)
Severe COPD: 48 (30/10)
Control: 14 (12/2)COPD:
moderate/severe
67±1/69±1
Control: 62±2Moderate COPD: 24.3±0.6
Severe COPD: 22.2±0.6
Control: 23±1Moderate COPD: 67±1
Severe COPD: 35±1
Control: 92±26MWT Amorin et al., 2014 (Brazil) Cross-sectional COPD: 40 (22/18)
Control: 20 (19/21)COPD: 64±7
Control: 66±10COPD: 25±3
Control: 25±3COPD: 47±15
Control: 109±136MWT Mkacher et al., 2014 (Tunisia) Prospective COPD: 16 (16/0)
Control: 18 (18/0)COPD: 56.22±4.12
Control 58.06±2.91COPD: 26.47±1.78
Control 26.16±1.59COPD: 49.75±2.56
Control 90.27±5.76TUG, SLS, BBS Crisan et al., 2015 (Romania) Cross-sectional COPD: 29 (NR/NR)
Control: 17 (NR/NR)COPD: 62.2±5.0
Control: 61.4±4.0COPD: 25.4±3.6
Control: 25.3±3.9COPD: 29±7
Control: 95±18BBS, SLS, TUG Oliveira et al., 2015 (Australia) Cross-sectional COPD: 40 (19/21)
Control: 25 (12/13)COPD: 71±8
Control: 69±8COPD: 25.0±4.8
Control: 24.6±3.4COPD: 45.1±16.2
Control: 102.1±12.8FOF, FES-I, BBS, 6MWT Tudorache et al., 2015 (Rumania) Cross-sectional COPD: 22 (NR/NR)
Control: 20 (NR/NR)COPD: 63±5
Control: 63±4COPD: 24.2±5.7
Control: 24.9±3.8COPD: 27.5±7
Control:100.5±12FES-I, BBS, TUG, SLS, 6MWT Iwakura et al., 2016 (Japan) Cross-sectional COPD: 22 (H)
Control: 13 (H)COPD: 71.6±6.9
Control: 71.5±5.6COPD: 22.1±2.9
Control: 22.7±2.5COPD: 52.8±20.6
Control: 94.7±26.7SLS, 6MWT Voica et al., 2016 (Romania) Cross-sectional COPD: 27 (NR/NR)
Control: 17 (NR/NR)Emphysematous COPD: 64.1±2.6
Bronchitic COPD: 63.9±1.9
Control: 61.3±4.0Emphysematous COPD: 17.6±0.8
Bronchitic COPD: 36.1±3.3
Control: 25.3±3.9Emphysematous COPD: 31±2
Bronchitic COPD: 30±4
Control: 95±18TUG, SLS, BBS, 6MWT Albarrati et al., 2016 (UK) Cross-sectional COPD: 520 (270/250)
Control: 150 (76/74)COPD: 66.1±7.6
Control: 65±7.4COPD: 28.0±5.5
Control: 28.1±4.1COPD: 58±19
Control: 105±146MWT, TUG Alhaddad et al., 2016 (UK) Cross-sectional COPD: 119 (74/45)
Control: 58 (38/20)COPD: 68±8
Control: 66±9COPD: 27.3±6
Control: 28.6±5.2COPD: 59±18
Control: 100±15TUG, 6MWT Decastro et al., 2016 (Brazil) Cross-sectional COPD: 47 (27/20)
Control: 25 (15/10)COPD: 68±5
Control: 66±8COPD: 26±5
Control: 28±5COPD: 45±15
Control: 87±17TUG, 6MWT Oliveira et al., 2017 (Australia) Prospective COPD: 26 (13/13)
Control: 25 (12/13)COPD: 70±9
Control: 70±8COPD: 25±7
Control: 24±3COPD: 44±18
Control: 102±12BBS Porto et al., 2017 (Brazil) Cross-sectional COPD: 93 (61%/39%)
Control: 39 (41%/59%)COPD: 67.3±10.8
Control: 65.1±9.7NR COPD: 50.4±19
Control: 89.2±23.6BBS, FES-I Iwakura et al., 2019 (Japan) Cross-sectional COPD: 34 (34/0)
Control: 16 (16/0)COPD: 71±8
Control: 72±6COPD: 21.8±2.8
Control: 22.8±2.3COPD: 57± 28
Control:102±196MWT Serrão et al., 2020 (Brazil) Cross-sectional COPD: 54 (43/10)
Control: 20 (17/3)COPD: 66±8
Control: 65±8COPD: 24±4
Control: 25±3COPD: 34±9
Control: 101±166MWT Gore et al., 2021 (USA) Cross-sectional COPD: 382 (43.5%/56.5%)
Control: 382 (41.5%/58.4%)COPD: 74.94±6.75
Control: 75.23±6.92COPD: 29.94±6.69
Control: 30.39±5.34NR Tandem posture Jirange et al., 2021 (India) Cross-sectional COPD: 42
Control: 45COPD: 61.9±4.61
Control: 60.47±6.18COPD: 22.22±3.31
Control: 23.50±3.27COPD: 37.3±7.99
Control: NRTUG Ozsoy et al., 2021 (Turkey) Cross-sectional COPD: 35 (89.2%/10.8%)
Control: 27 (84%/16%)COPD: 62.13±8.17
Control: 60.60±7.84COPD: 27.95±4.72
Control: 29.07±3.25COPD: 59.18±15.32
Control: NRTUG Schons et al., 2021 (Brazil) Case–control study COPD: 20 (9/11)
Control: 16 (7/9)COPD: 62.95±8.06
Control: 59.94±6.43COPD: 68.80±14.92
Control: 68.06±16.11COPD: 39.98±11.69
Control: 97.44±14.456MWT, SLS, TUG Data presented as mean±sd unless stated otherwise. Abbreviations: M: male; F: female; BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD (NO): no supplemental oxygen; COPD (WO): COPD with supplemental oxygen; NR: not reported; TUG: Timed Up and Go; 6 MWT: 6-min walk test; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; BESTest: Balance Evaluation Systems Test; ABC: activity-specific balance of confidence scale; SLS: single leg stance; FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale - International.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00164-2022.SUPPLEMENT
