Figures
- FIGURE 1
Criteria for inclusion and exclusion of loops in a test. VT: tidal volume; tE: expiratory time; tI: inspiratory time; PTEF: peak tidal expiratory flow.
- FIGURE 2
Tidal flow–volume loops. a) Examples of excluded loops (red) due to deviating volume (left), notch on expiratory flow (middle) and two expiratory flow peaks (right); b) tidal flow–volume test before (left) and after (right) manual selection of loops. tPTEF: time to peak tidal expiratory flow; tE: expiratory time.
- FIGURE 3
Rater agreement with the mean intraclass correlation (ICC) (95% CI) for a) ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF)/expiratory time (tE), b) respiratory rate, c) tidal volume (VT) and d) expiratory volume (VE). Data are presented as individual mean±sd.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics for the 57 infants with tidal flow–volume measures assessed by three independent raters
Boys 36 (63.2) Gestational age at birth (weeks) 39.8 (36.6–42.9) Birthweight (kg) 3.6 (2.8–4.9) Birth length (cm) 51 (48.0–56.0) Weight at 3 months (kg) 6.2 (4.57–8.18) Length at 3 months (cm) 62 (56.5–67.9) Data are presented as n (%) or mean (range).
- TABLE 2
The number of loops evaluated per rater in the 52 tests that all three raters found appropriate for further analyses, and tests including ≥10 loops
Number of tests Number of loops All raters Rater 1 52 25 (3–53) Rater 2 52 26 (3–67) Rater 3 52 15 (2–52) Tests including ≥10 loops Rater 1 45 30 (10–53) Rater 2 44 29 (11–67) Rater 3 37 24 (10–52) Data are presented as n or median (range).
- TABLE 3
Number of loops and ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE), respiratory rate, tidal volume per kilogram (VT·kg−1) and expiratory volume (VE) per rater for infants where data from tests were saved by all three raters, all infants where data were saved by one rater and data selected by the software
Infants Number of loops tPTEF/tE Respiratory rate (breaths·min−1) VT·kg−1 VE (mL) All raters Rater 1 52 25 (3–53) 0.39±0.08 67±13.4 6.4±2.1 39.1±12.2 Rater 2 52 26 (3–67) 0.41±0.08 66±13.1 6.7±2.1 40.2±12.2 Rater 3 52 15 (2–52) 0.39±0.09 65±13.6 6.9±2.1 41.5±12.0 Data saved by one rater Rater 1 54 23 (3–53) 0.39±0.08 67±13.3 6.3±2.2 38.4±12.5 Rater 2 56 25 (1–67) 0.43±0.11 66±13.0 6.4±2.2 38.9±12.9 Rater 3 52 15 (2–52) 0.39±0.09 65±13.6 6.9±2.1 41.5±12.0 Spiroware 56 8 (1–44) 0.52±0.22 64±14.4 5.4±2.0 29.3±10.2 Data are presented as n, median (range) or mean±sd.
- TABLE 4
Conclusion by raters on quality of tests from all 57 infants
Successful Partly successful Not successful Total number of infants 3 raters agreed 37 1 3 41 2 raters agreed 5 8 0 13 No agreement 4# 8# 10# 3 #: concluded by one rater.
- TABLE 5
An overview of all infants with rater disagreement on the quality of the test
Infant Quality of test Loops before selection Loops after selection tPTEF/tE VT·kg−1 (mL) 1 Rater 1 Successful 60 30 0.44 4.6 Rater 2 Successful 22 0.49 5.4 Rater 3 Partly successful 13 0.47 5.6 6 Rater 1 Partly successful 44 5 0.44 6.6 Rater 2 Partly successful 9 0.55 6.9 Rater 3 Not successful 3 0.45 8.3 8 Rater 1 Partly successful 32 8 0.4 2.4 Rater 2 Partly successful 8 0.37 2.4 Rater 3 Not successful 0 9 Rater 1 Partly successful 38 3 0.46 7.4 Rater 2 Partly successful 5 0.53 6.5 Rater 3 Not successful 2 0.51 7.7 13 Rater 1 Partly successful 60 6 0.38 11.6 Rater 2 Successful 15 0.44 12.1 Rater 3 Partly successful 7 0.39 11.8 15 Rater 1 Successful 60 19 0.54 7.3 Rater 2 Successful 26 0.57 7.4 Rater 3 Partly successful 8 0.52 7.4 22 Rater 1 Partly successful 60 5 0.31 4.9 Rater 2 Partly successful 7 0.35 5.1 Rater 3 Not successful 4 0.25 5.4 24 Rater 1 Successful 60 12 0.41 6.7 Rater 2 Successful 20 0.46 8.4 Rater 3 Partly successful 5 0.37 7.4 35 Rater 1 Successful 60 18 0.45 4.9 Rater 2 Partly successful 6 0.45 6.1 Rater 3 Not successful 3 0.51 7.1 39 Rater 1 Partly successful 14 3 0.44 3.3 Rater 2 Partly successful 4 0.47 3.8 Rater 3 Not successful 0 40 Rater 1 Successful 38 11 0.39 5.9 Rater 2 Partly successful 11 0.47 6.4 Rater 3 Not successful 3 0.47 6 41 Rater 1 Successful 40 11 0.31 5.5 Rater 2 Successful 13 0.36 5.2 Rater 3 Partly successful 7 0.29 6.1 47 Rater 1 Partly successful 42 5 0.26 4.4 Rater 2 Partly successful 4 0.32 5.3 Rater 3 Not successful 3 0.26 4.6 48 Rater 1 Successful 50 12 0.6 6.9 Rater 2 Successful 11 0.59 7.4 Rater 3 Partly successful 5 0.6 7.5 51 Rater 1 Successful 56 10 0.38 2.9 Rater 2 Partly successful 7 0.51 4.6 Rater 3 Not successful 4 0.39 5.7 53 Rater 1 Partly successful 31 3 0.34 1.6 Rater 2 Partly successful 3 0.34 1.6 Rater 3 Not successful 2 0.32 1.7 tPTEF: time to peak tidal expiratory flow; tE: expiratory time; VT·kg−1: tidal volume per kilogram.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00165-2022.SUPPLEMENT
